(Medical Xpress)—Cigarette smoking's association with heart disease has been known for decades, but researchers are still not certain what chemicals or molecular processes in the body form the basis of that link. Now University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville researchers have unlocked some of the specifics, finding that a toxic compound in cigarette smoke called benzo(a)pyrene slows the production of "good" cholesterol, also known as high-density lipoprotein, or HDL.
The findings were published in the July edition of the journal Life Sciences.
"Smoking-related health hazards are well-recognized, and the role of smoking in promoting premature heart disease is widely appreciated," said Dr. Arshag D. Mooradian, senior author of the study and a professor and chair of the department of medicine at the UF College of Medicine-Jacksonville. "The novelty in our study is the finding of yet another mechanism by which smoking can accelerate heart disease through reduction of the 'good' cholesterol that normally protects the heart."
The findings can help inform public health policy aimed at reducing health risks associated with cigarette smoking. In addition, the implications could go beyond cigarette smoking, because the chemical benzo(a)pyrene, or BaP, that is found in cigarettes is also prevalent in wildfire smoke that periodically engulfs many parts of the country, including Florida.
Smoking is a major risk factor for heart disease, contributing to more than one-third of deaths from heart disease annually, according to a 2008 estimate from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The same report found that adverse cardiovascular health effects were present in people who smoked as few as five cigarettes per day, but that the risk for a heart attack drops within a year of kicking the habit.
Smoking increases blood pressure, decreases a person's tolerance for exercise and increases the likelihood of blood clotting, according to the American Heart Association. In addition, smokers consistently have lower HDL levels than nonsmokers. Low HDL or high LDL, or "bad" cholesterol, puts people at a higher risk for the hardening of the arteries that leads to heart attacks.
The UF researchers went looking for the scientific reason for lower HDL in smokers.
An early experiment looked at the effect of nicotine on fats in the body, but that yielded no clues. So the team went back to the drawing board, thinking about other elements of tobacco smoke that could be the culprit. They decided to test the chemical BaP, which is also linked to lung cancer.
Cell culture studies showed that the chemical was directly tied to low HDL production. Further studies revealed that it affects the genes that regulate production of a protein that binds to cholesterol and carries it through the blood to the liver for disposal. High levels of BaP in the blood block production of that protein, known as apolipoprotein A-1, or apo A-1.
"The public health implication is that cigarette smoking not only affects your breathing and your lungs, but it affects your cholesterol," said study co-author Michael J. Haas, a research associate professor of medicine at the UF College of Medicine-Jacksonville.
The researchers suspect that other compounds in cigarette and environmental smoke may have a similar effect. They plan to expand their studies to testing in mice, which would give additional clues about how the findings might apply in humans.
"I think it's very important that we determine the relevance to human health and welfare," Haas said.
The findings are valuable because they reveal mechanisms through which cigarette smoking is hazardous for the heart, said Dr. George T. Griffing, an internal medicine professor at the Saint Louis University School of Medicine who was not involved in the study.
"The importance of this study is twofold: first, to understand and perhaps intervene on the heart-toxic effects of cigarette smoking," said Griffing, who has researched apo A-1 for decades. "But second, and more importantly, to better understand the regulation of HDL levels with the goal of developing a strategy of raising HDL levels to combat heart disease."

dogbert
3.2 / 5 (9) Aug 31, 2012Though tobacco consumption does have some beneficial effects, the detrimental effects probably exceed the beneficial effects. Sorting out the beneficial vs harmful effects and quantifying them would be a useful effort.
Continuing to teach people that cholesterol is bad does is not useful.
TheGhostofOtto1923
3.1 / 5 (22) Aug 31, 2012Smokers cannot exercise and their sedentary lifestyle contributes more to their sickly condition than some trace chemical yes?Breathing dirt and coating your lungs with crud has no beneficial effects whatsoever. Why? To buy tobacco companies time to sell more product and kill more people on the lie that science can maybe someday make breathing DIRT healthy?
You're out burning leaves in your backyard and the wind blows smoke in your face. Right away your body tells you to move. Your body knows what is better for you than you do. What is it screaming at you every time you have to light up?
TheGhostofOtto1923
3.2 / 5 (22) Aug 31, 2012Smokers may remember how sick they felt from their first cigarette. This is the effect tobacco has. Once their bodies acclimate, smokers smoke only to relieve the pain and misery of withdrawal, which are SIGNIFICANT and debilitating.
So this makes tobacco about the most worthless 'drug' in existence yes? And yet the company scientists sell the lie that it has some net positive effects, and so it must have SOME value.
To smokers withdrawal is their normal state and so of course to them, smoking has significant positive effects. But smoking CAUSES the pain that it cures. If they quit they would feel the same as they do after their last cigarette, ALL the time.
dogbert
3.2 / 5 (11) Aug 31, 2012Do you comment on nicotine addiction because you know about it from having been addicted or are you blowing your usual smoke?
There are benefits to nicotine:
Reduced incidence of Parkinson's disease, a serious and debilitating disease.
Reduced susceptibility to sepsis. Every year about 750000 Americans get sepsis and half of them will die from sepsis.
Estevan57
2.1 / 5 (25) Aug 31, 2012Smoking does have euphoric effect. Look stuff up Ya Idjit.
Try NICOTINE on WIKI.
Not everyone feels sick from their first smoke. I didn't.
I smoked for 8 years, a pack a day, gave it up cold turkey, not a problem.
It's not heroin dumbass. Spiro Agnew
TheGhostofOtto1923
3.2 / 5 (22) Aug 31, 2012I suppose there are some benefits to eating moss or sucking on a tailpipe. Do you think it is worth researching to find out what they are?
TheGhostofOtto1923
3.1 / 5 (23) Aug 31, 2012Note how NYT even includes lies in their stories:
"even produce some ''good'' effects, such as improved performance on intellectual, computational and stressful tasks."
-Yes because withdrawal degrades performance and smoking relieves withdrawal. Were nonsmokers given nicotine in these studies?
NYT included the above tidbit in a story which says:
"'Heroin addicts say it is easier to give up dope than it is to give up smoking,' says Dr. Sharon Hall, a psychology professor whose research at the University of California's San Francisco medical school centers on methods of curtailing drug abuse."
"'The popular media have exaggerated the withdrawal from opiates and downplayed the withdrawal from tobacco,' says Dr. Neal Benowitz"
TheGhostofOtto1923
3.1 / 5 (22) Aug 31, 2012"One astonishing property of nicotine is that it acts both as a stimulant and sedative"
-No, it treats withdrawal as the article itself states:
"Nicotine withdrawal often includes anxiety, irritability, difficulty concentrating, restlessness, craving for tobacco, gastrointestinal problems, headaches, drowsiness"
Heres a good one:
"Unlike other drugs, nicotine does not interfere with normal activity."
-Withdrawal does indeed interfere with normal activity. It affects mood, concentration, temper. A smoker will pattern his daily activities around the need to smoke and to buy tobacco.
Smoking causes depression and destroys very specific areas of the brain involved with compulsion. It disrupts sleep:
http://www.chestn...urbances
-It retards normal mental development in children, and kills them in the womb. These all significantly affect behavior.
This was written in 1987 which is when esai formed his opinion
dogbert
3.5 / 5 (8) Aug 31, 2012Let me ask this again:
TheGhostofOtto1923
3.4 / 5 (20) Aug 31, 2012What makes you think that a dirt addict has any more insight into his disease than someone who is not addicted and might have a better perspective?
The fact that you even asked that question makes me think you are in the throes of addiction, or else you wouldnt have asked it. Addiction is a disease not a disgrace.
Estevan57
2 / 5 (24) Aug 31, 2012Hey fool, ever have a cup of coffee?
Its a stimulant, yet it is calming at the same time. It allows greater concetration and focus, and is addictive, just like nicotine. Yes, I know, not as addictive and bad for you.
I am not advocating that anyone take up smoking, I'm just giving a more realistic view of it based on actual experience.
Wow! you cite an article, say that it includes lies, and yet don't provide a link to it? What would Antialias say?
Mr. Dogbert, I believe Ghosty is blowing smoke, and I have a good idea where from... ...from Spiro Agnew.
`
Estevan57
2.1 / 5 (26) Aug 31, 2012Get it right next time maybe..
How would a nicotine researcher know of the stupid things you say about smoking on this forum?
That is the crux of the biscuit here. Your opinions, not the facts and research of others.
Are you qualified to speak for every individual smokers experience? Or your own? Did your first cigarette make you sick? Mine didn't. And quitting was easy.
All those millions of smokers, and they are all different.
TheGhostofOtto1923
3 / 5 (24) Aug 31, 2012http://www.nytime...p;src=pm
-If you had read either you wouldn't have asked.Yeah well we have already established that you're a liar. This becomes easier to discern when you continue to post made-up personal info.But I post research. You post lies and made-personal info. Go ducks.I posted info on how smokers are similar. Why don't you try a little research yourself? Smokers are ALL idiots. Luckily it is curable.Except - you're still an idiot. You did it wrong?
Estevan57
2.2 / 5 (26) Sep 01, 2012"Many smokers are highly intelligent people with impressive levels of control over institutions, budgets, employees and political affairs. Yet, after repeated attempts to give up smoking, they find that they cannot control this one, seemingly uncomplicated, aspect of their behavior."
From your (finally) posted source.
http://www.nytime...p;src=pm
I smell a dumbass. Perhaps you shouldn't make statements that are totally contradictory than your sources. Have a pleasant night.
You EVER gonna figure out the Spiro Agnew?
TheGhostofOtto1923
3.1 / 5 (23) Sep 01, 2012Smoking serves a far Greater Purpose to civilization, than stupifying and sickening the weak. It BINDS smokers to it like nothing else. They HAVE to smoke; ergo they HAVE to work, support the govt that guarantees their supply, provide the healthcare their sickly state requires, and etc.
We can expect Service Institutions like NYT to be actively promoting things of this sort. That is why they were Created and imbued with High Authority yes?
"A man has as many masters as he has vices." -St Augustine
TheGhostofOtto1923
3.1 / 5 (23) Sep 01, 2012dogbert
3.7 / 5 (9) Sep 01, 2012You obviously do not speak from experience and are indeed blowing smoke.
Like a dog which barks whenever the doorbell rings, not knowing what a doorbell is, you spout invective in a dogmatic response.
TheGhostofOtto1923
3.1 / 5 (23) Sep 01, 20121) Today smokers are aware that they only smoke to relieve the withdrawal symptoms from their last cigarette.
2) They know that smoking does nothing else but make them weak, sickly, and poor.
3) They know that this disease WILL kill them, and probably the unfortunates who live with them, in the most prolonged and horrible of ways, no matter how hard they pray.
4) They must realize that they have structured their lives around procuring and breathing this dirt. They choose friends and jobs which are compatible.
5) The religionist ones who know they are killing themselves, also know that god WILL NOT FORGIVE THEM for not saving themselves, which they can certainly do; no matter how hard they pray.
6) They know that by smoking they are encouraging others to continue to smoke, and young people to start.
-And yet they continue to smoke. Ergo, they are idiots.
TheGhostofOtto1923
3.1 / 5 (23) Sep 01, 20127) Smokers must know that they annoy the vast majority of people they come in contact with; friends, family, coworkers, clients.
-Smokers: Either they don't realize they are annoying people, or they know and they don't care, or they actually enjoy annoying people. Any way you look at it, they're assholes.
Just yesterday one such asshole pulled up next to me while I was eating lunch, rolled down his windows, and lit up. He got a whole lot of abuse and a front seat full of doritos. One by one..
Smokers don't give a shit about anybody but themselves, of necessity.
dogbert
3.3 / 5 (12) Sep 01, 2012Let's examine just one of your above statements:
Simply not true. Many people use tobacco products their whole lives with no ill effects.
Statements which can be shown to be wrong are not only ineffective at stopping someone from using tobacco products, your statements may actually encourage tobacco use.
Hate and prejudice never accomplish anything good.
Estevan57
2.1 / 5 (28) Sep 01, 2012Smashin_Z_1885
3 / 5 (2) Sep 01, 2012TheGhostofOtto1923
3.1 / 5 (23) Sep 02, 2012Your god does not like it when people gamble with their lives. Or when they LIE to themselves in order to justify it. You will burn for your self-destruction.I hate what tobacco did to my family and to myself as a kid. Moms aren't supposed to smell like dumpsters are they?
TheGhostofOtto1923
3.1 / 5 (23) Sep 02, 2012TheGhostofOtto1923
3.2 / 5 (22) Sep 02, 2012http://medical-di...rd=fetal tobacco syndrome
-Also miscarriage, cribdeath, underweight, cognitively-impaired, children? Your indulgence enables these things to happen.But addicts tend to disregard the facts which might cause them to quit. You are obviously ignoring the great preponderance of evidence which should convince you that tobacco has ruined your life and is killing you even now.
Try something. Take a great deep breath and hold it. What happens? What is your BODY telling you about your disease? What does it FEEL like dog? What does it feel like to draw that dirt deep into your lungs, disregarding the relief it gives you from that crawling, itching withdrawal? What does dirt in your lungs FEEL like?
TheGhostofOtto1923
3.1 / 5 (23) Sep 02, 2012I can understand your reluctance to argue as you risk exposing your debility, but fair is fair. Give it a try. I cannot promise not to make fun of you though.
Fair is fair pussycat_lies.
dogbert
3.4 / 5 (10) Sep 02, 2012You seem to think I smoke. You seem to think that makes a difference in your vacuous arguments.
I don't use tobacco products.
I did, but I quit using them.
My use or failure to use tobacco does not make your arguments useful or meaningful.
Hate is not a useful argument. Think about it, you hate people for behaviors which do not affect you in any way whatsoever.
TheGhostofOtto1923
3.1 / 5 (23) Sep 02, 2012Got any?
"Its not the violence that sets men apart..." but the gullibility of those who fall for tobacco commercials such as these:
http://www.youtub...7S1LaPMU
-See Shia LeBeouf in his first smoking role!
dogbert
3.9 / 5 (11) Sep 02, 2012About 4.5 years ago.
Again, my status as a smoker or non-smoker does not relate to my discussion about tobacco products. Neither should your status.
Note how you continue to hate even when informed that I do not smoke?
As I said earlier, you are full of hate.
TheGhostofOtto1923
3.1 / 5 (23) Sep 02, 2012dogbert
3.8 / 5 (10) Sep 02, 2012I dislike articles [and comments] which present broad, unsubstantiated and/or incorrect statements as if they were true or scientifically accurate.
For example, the article states that "Smoking increases blood pressure ...". This may be true sometimes for some people, but it is not broadly true. A few weeks after I quit smoking, a visit to the doctor revealed that my blood pressure had risen to 220/170. I had to either resume smoking or take medication. I decided to take medication.
Your untrue statements have already been addressed multiple times by me and by others.
Estevan57
2 / 5 (28) Sep 02, 2012You are a bullshitter, have always been a bullshitter, and will always be a bullshitter.
Your opinions smell like the ashtray you were raised in.
You state 7 points, but factually back none of them. None.
That is the crux of the biscuit here. Your opinions, not the facts and research of others.
Your original "Smokers are all idiots" was refuted BY YOUR OWN SOURCE! That must have stung. Ow. Ow. Ow.
How would you know what millions of people "must know"? Are you a mind reader? It may be true. You just might be able to read minds. But only half of the minds for you are a halfwit.
Posting quotes from PussyCatEyes as part of your post and hoping in vain for me to "incriminate" myself by responding to them is just damn funny. You just don't get it.
Spiro Agnew. Spiro Agnew. Spiro Agnew.
TheGhostofOtto1923
2.9 / 5 (21) Sep 02, 2012TheGhostofOtto1923
2.9 / 5 (21) Sep 02, 2012Developed intellects can actually be a hinderance as addicts will try to 'think their way' out of an addiction. Di you know this?
Estevan57
2 / 5 (28) Sep 02, 2012Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ah good one.
Quite the corner you painted yourself into.
By your logic if an intelligent person smokes, and you (totally unsupported still) say smokers are idiots, then intelligent people are idiots? Change the definition of words and adjectives to suit your own demented rant? Groovy baby.
Do you mean to say that even intelligent and capable people can can make bad decisions, for example, smoking?
Use your big boy words Otto, you can do it. Or maybe not.
I say the offspring of smokers are fish. You stated you were the offspring of a smoker, therefore: .... Wait for it....
You are a fish.
With a penis on your head.
Or none at all.
Spiro Agnew. This an anagram, work it out sometime. {smooch}
TheGhostofOtto1923
3.1 / 5 (23) Sep 02, 2012Intelligent people who smoke are a (small) subset of all intelligent people. Intelligent people who believe in god are a (small) subset of all intelligent people. Intelligent people who think Kant ever said anything relevant whatsoever, are a (small) subset of all intelligent people.
These subsets, which may or may not overlap, are, according to me, IDIOTS, among many other things. There are others. In addition there are similar subsets in other segments of the population. Many imbeciles are idiots for example. Like yourself.
But these observations in no way imply that all intelligent people, are idiots. How's that? Make sense spirochete? You may have to turn off your cartoons and give this your full attention, in order to understand it.
Estevan57
2 / 5 (28) Sep 02, 2012http://en.wikiped...ki/Idiot
"An idiot differs from a fool (who is unwise) and an ignoramus (who is uneducated/an ignorant), neither of which refers to someone with low intelligence."
You have been using the incorrect word all along, how pitiful.
Spiro Agnew.
Estevan57
2 / 5 (28) Sep 02, 2012My work with you is mostly done. I had a couple of friends that wanted to join in the comments without your invective laden spewage following them around, so I led you on a merry little chase.
They decided not to use the section, but will continue to read the articles and vote on them.
I have learned a good deal of the history of the comments section, and I must say, it is not pretty.
You have been used, totally used. Like the tool you are, you have been taken and redirected, so a real feel for the comments could be had.
And it was really enjoyable.
You probably still think I am people from the past.
That is your fear, and it rules you.
When you add a few years, and perhaps a little much needed wisdom, you may be able gain a better understanding of real people and ideas.
Have a pleasant night, sweet Otto.
Estevan57
2 / 5 (28) Sep 03, 2012Go Ducks!
By the way, Spiro Agnew is an anagram for Grow A Penis.
TheGhostofOtto1923
3.2 / 5 (22) Sep 03, 2012TheGhostofOtto1923
3.2 / 5 (22) Sep 03, 2012And only you would think that your previous post made any sense at all. I read what I want to read and post where I want to post. Obviously. And your friends are obviously all you. Obviously. You sick, ignorant, lying imbecile.
DarkHorse66
2.3 / 5 (3) Sep 04, 2012http://en.wikiped...linergic
Nicotine assists in the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is responsible for memory formation and learning. Nicotine also acts on a number of other neurotransmitters:
http://en.wikiped...lcholine
http://en.wikiped...Nicotine
It's a lot of reading, but it does shed some light on the complexities of the mechanisms involved.
Best Regards, DH66
TheOtherGhost ofOtto
3.5 / 5 (13) Sep 04, 2012LULZ - pretty damn funny to me. This guy rules you Oddo.
He made you his bitch.
Your smoking mom is an idiot.
And you are a fool.
He made you a fool.
Because he rules you.
Kisses and god bless you.