Surgeons develop framework to assess long-term impact of facial transplant operations

"Facial transplants are not just about reconstructive surgery," explained Chad Gordon, DO, assistant professor of surgery at The Johns Hopkins Hospital and clinical director of the hospital's facial transplant program, which launched in August 2012. "The face represents so much to someone's life. It's about taking someone isolated from society and putting him or her back into society. We're spending millions to research and perform face transplants, but we don't know if patients are getting back into society. Are they getting jobs? Are they able to live on their own? Or are they still socially disabled?"

To date, only 19 face transplants have been performed worldwide. When Dr. Gordon's team looked at postsurgical FACES data on all 19 patients, only eight had complete reports—three from the U.S., three from France, and two from Spain. "Surprisingly, we found that many of the reports were incomplete," Dr. Gordon said. "We have no idea if these patients found a job, got married, or are living on their own." With the lack of reporting, patient outcomes of face transplant procedures cannot be properly assessed and patients may not be receiving the best postoperative followup and care. Better return-to-society reporting, could help surgeons under-stand and improve upon the procedure's success, he said. Furthermore, better reporting can help us to reassess the reconstructive surgeon's role in patient care—from the time the operation is performed—to the patient's return to normal life, he explained.

In December 2008, Dr. Gordon was on the Cleveland Clinic surgical team that per-formed the nation's first facial transplant on a woman who had been shot in the face by her husband. After that operation proved successful, Dr. Gordon developed a five-pronged assess-ment tool called the FACES score to screen future patients. The FACES assessment was also designed to measure postsurgical clinical and social outcomes based on five criteria: functional status, aesthetic deformity, comorbidities, exposed tissue, and surgical history.

Functional status measures how well the person performs in society, as well as whether the person leads a functional life, such as being self-sufficient and maintaining relationships. While comorbidity criterion considers how well vital organs work, particularly the liver and kidneys, aesthetic deformity looks at the severity of the facial injury and the patient's other health conditions, along with lifestyle habits that could lead to health conditions (for example, smoking or excessive drinking). The final two measures look at exposed tissue—or how deep the facial wound is—and surgical history. Patients who have already had numerous operations usually have accumulated a lot of scar tissue, which makes the facial transplant more complex. On a scale of 10

Provided by American College of Surgeons