Hyperactive neurons may be culprit in Alzheimer's

A long-term reduction in neuronal activity reduces amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease, Yale University researchers have found. The study, using mouse models of Alzheimer's, found the opposite is also true—triggering an increase in neuronal activity spurs creation of plaques and toxic amyloid beta peptides believed to trigger the disease.

In the accompanying image, amyloid plaques in blue are surrounded by damaged neuronal branches.

Neuroscientists Jaime Grutzendler and Peng Yuan used a new technology called chemogenetics to alternately inhibit or excite neuronal signaling in mice with Alzheimer's. The goal was to test the theory that hyperactivity in neurons might contribute to the onset of Alzheimer's. Such an increase in neuronal activity might trigger the production of excess amounts of amyloid beta peptides, which in turn may be toxic to brain cells and cause the symptoms of dementia, Grutzendler said.

On the other hand, suppressing this hyperactivity could be a novel way of halting the progression of the disease, he noted.

The study appears Jan. 12 in the Journal of Neuroscience.