New drug target could prevent tolerance and addiction to opioids, neuroscience study finds

New drug target could prevent tolerance and addiction to opioids, neuroscience study finds
Credit: Georgia State University

Researchers have identified a brain mechanism that could be a drug target to help prevent tolerance and addiction to opioid pain medication, such as morphine, according to a study by Georgia State University and Emory University.

The findings, published in the Nature journal Neuropsychopharmacology in August, show for the first time that is due to an inflammatory response produced in the brain. This brain inflammation is caused by the release of cytokines, chemical messengers in the body that trigger an immune response, similar to a viral infection.

Researchers' results show blocking a particular cytokine eliminated tolerance, and they were able to reduce the dose of morphine required to alleviate pain by half.

"These results have important clinical implications for the treatment of pain and also addiction," said Lori Eidson, lead author and a graduate student in the laboratory of Dr. Anne Murphy in the Neuroscience Institute of Georgia State. "Until now, the precise underlying mechanism for opioid tolerance and its prevention have remained unknown."

Over 67 percent of the United States population will experience at some point in their lives. Morphine is the primary drug used to manage severe and chronic pain, with 3 to 4 percent of adults in the U.S. receiving long-term opioid therapy. However, tolerance to morphine, defined as a decrease in over time, significantly impedes treatment for about 60 percent of patients. Long-term treatment with opioids is associated with increased risk of abuse, dependence and fatal overdoses.

In the absence of , morphine interferes with the body's ability to maintain normal function, referred to as homeostasis. Anything that interferes with homeostasis is viewed by the body as a pathogen, resulting in an immune response to rid the body of the pathogen. When Eidson gave rats drugs that blocked the , the rats no longer became tolerant to morphine.

The study also found that tolerance to morphine develops rapidly. Administering one dose of morphine to rats for three days was sufficient to induce tolerance.

More information: Lori N Eidson et al. Toll-like Receptor 4 Mediates Morphine-Induced Neuroinflammation and Tolerance via Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Signaling, Neuropsychopharmacology (2016). DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.131

Journal information: Nature , Neuropsychopharmacology
Citation: New drug target could prevent tolerance and addiction to opioids, neuroscience study finds (2016, August 22) retrieved 19 March 2024 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2016-08-drug-tolerance-addiction-opioids-neuroscience.html
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