https://medicalxpress.com/ en-us provides the latest news from Journal of the National Cancer Institute Using a nomogram that incorporates age, Gleason score, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level at diagnosis, individual risks that a screen-detected prostate cancer has been overdiagnosed can be estimated, according to a new study published January 6 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-01-nomogram-individualized-screen-detected-prostate-cancer.html Mon, 06 Jan 2014 16:00:02 EST news308228832 Radiotherapy (RT) after breast conserving surgery (BCS) has been shown to reduce the risk of breast cancer (BC) recurrence. However, although younger women tend to have more aggressive tumors and have higher risks of recurrence than older BC patients, they are less likely to receive RT after BCS, according to a study published December 24 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Although treatment patterns among older BC patients have been well-studied, factors affecting non-compliance among younger women are not well-known. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-12-radiotherapy-breast-cancer-patients-young.html Tue, 24 Dec 2013 16:00:01 EST news307108657 Vitamin B12 (cobalamin [Cbl]) is essential for maintaining healthy bodily function but higher than normal levels (reference range 200-600 pmol/L) may indicate that a patient is at risk of developing certain cancers, according to a study published November 18 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Previous studies had suggested an association between high Cbl levels and specific cancers. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-11-higher-vitamin-b12-cancer.html Mon, 18 Nov 2013 16:00:02 EST news303998347 Some breast cancer drugs can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but they have not been very effective against brain metastases, whereas other, more effective anti-breast cancer drugs cannot penetrate the BBB at all. In a study published October 9 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, researchers used a new approach to selectively permeabilize the BBB at sites of brain metastases, even those 200 times smaller than currently detectable in the clinic. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-10-technique-anti-breast-cancer-drugs-blood-brain.html Wed, 09 Oct 2013 16:00:04 EDT news300542192 Like normal cells, cancer cells require amino acids for growth, maintenance, and cell signaling, and L-type amino acid transporters (LATs) are the delivery vehicles that supply them. Metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells are highly dependent on LATs to deliver the amino acid leucine that the cells need for growth and proliferation, according to a study published September 19 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-09-proteins-leucine-prostate-cancer-cells.html Thu, 19 Sep 2013 16:00:01 EDT news298817797 Breast cancer risk associated with use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among postmenopausal women was variable when analyzed by race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), and breast density, according to a new study published September 3 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-09-association-hormone-therapy-breast-cancer.html Tue, 03 Sep 2013 16:00:01 EDT news297442735 Here's a sobering fact for millions of young women heading back to school: The more alcohol they drink before motherhood, the greater their risk of future breast cancer. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-08-consuming-alcohol-pregnancy-linked-bbd.html Wed, 28 Aug 2013 16:00:01 EDT news296906251 People who reported dietary intake that was most consistent with the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans had lower risk of pancreatic cancer, according to a new study published August 15 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-08-consuming-high-quality-diet-pancreatic-cancer.html Thu, 15 Aug 2013 16:00:01 EDT news295782651 Stable survival rates were observed for HIV-associated lymphoma patients during the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era in the US, according to a new study published July 26 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-07-hiv-associated-lymphoma-survival-antiretroviral-therapy.html Sat, 27 Jul 2013 02:15:56 EDT news294110101 In patients with high-risk breast cancer, addition of the erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) epoetin alfa to the chemotherapy regimen may help avoid the decrease in hemoglobin levels and resulting anemia often seen in these patients and does not negatively affect relapse-free (RFS) or overall survival (OS). However, it can increase the risk of thrombotic events, according to a study published July 17 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-07-epoetin-alfa-anemia-breast-cancer.html Wed, 17 Jul 2013 16:36:45 EDT news293297791 The National Cancer Institute (NCI) and investigators have reduced the deadlines for initiation of trials with the goal of reaching more patients in need of new treatments, according to a study published June 17 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-06-timeline-reforms-nci-sponsored-clinical.html Mon, 17 Jun 2013 16:00:06 EDT news290694476 Trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure has possible links to increased liver cancer risk, and the relationship between TCE exposure and risks of cancers of low incidence and those with confounding by lifestyle and other factors need further study, according to a study published May 30 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-05-tce-exposure-linked-cancers.html Thu, 30 May 2013 16:00:01 EDT news289128560 The ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) Score quantifies the risk of ipsilateral breast event (IBE) and invasive IBE risk, complements both traditional clinical and pathologic factors, and helps provide a new clinical tool to improve the process of selecting individualized treatment for women with DCIS who meet the criteria, according to a study published May 2 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-05-dcis-score-quantifies-ipsilateral-breast.html Thu, 02 May 2013 17:06:55 EDT news286733203 Estrogen plus progestin use is linked with increased breast cancer incidence. In addition, prognosis is similar for both users and nonusers of combined hormone therapy, suggesting that mortality from breast cancer may be higher for hormone therapy users as well, according to a study published March 29 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-03-estrogen-progestin-linked-breast-cancer.html Fri, 29 Mar 2013 16:00:01 EDT news283787881 Substantial regional variation in Medicare spending for patients with advanced cancer is not linked to differences in survival, according to a study published March 12 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-03-medicare-advanced-cancer-linked-survival.html Tue, 12 Mar 2013 16:00:01 EDT news282318980 Even in the presence of screening, there is benefit to radical prostatectomy (RP) in prostate cancer patients, however, the benefit is limited to a subgroup of patients and can take years to become evident according to a study published February 14 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-02-role-radical-prostatectomy-patients-prostate.html Thu, 14 Feb 2013 16:31:47 EST news280081897 Out-of-pocket costs resulting from breast cancer care in the year following diagnosis are likely manageable for most women, but some women are at a higher risk of experiencing the financial burden that comes from those costs in Canadian breast cancer patients, according to a study published January 24 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-01-out-of-pocket-breast-cancer-canadian-women.html Thu, 24 Jan 2013 16:00:05 EST news278264976 There is no association between total fruit and vegetable intake and risk of overall breast cancer, but vegetable consumption is associated with a lower risk of estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer, according to a study published January 24 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-01-fruit-vegetable-intake-er-breast.html Thu, 24 Jan 2013 16:00:04 EST news278264937 Despite the decline in cancer death rates in the U.S., there is an increase in incidence rates for cancers associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and more efforts are needed to increase HPV vaccination coverage levels to prevent the occurrence of these cancers in the future according to a study published January 7 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-01-hpv-associated-cancer-incidence-efforts-hpv.html Mon, 07 Jan 2013 16:00:03 EST news276772319 There is little association of multidisciplinary tumor boards with measures of use, quality, or survival, and measuring only the presence of tumor boards may not be adequate in determining their effects on cancer care, according to a study published December 28 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-12-tumor-boards-linked-association-effects.html Fri, 28 Dec 2012 16:00:01 EST news275916570 There is no difference between proton radiotherapy (PRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) when comparing the toxicity among Medicare beneficiary patients with prostate cancer at 12 months post-treatment according to a study published December 14 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-12-prt-imrt-toxicity-medicare-beneficiaries.html Mon, 17 Dec 2012 12:41:19 EST news274970471 Low prediagnostic levels of circulating adiponectin were associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer, according to a study published December 14 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-12-adiponcetin-pancreatic-cancer.html Fri, 14 Dec 2012 16:00:04 EST news274695770 Women with higher circulating carotenoid levels are at a reduced risk of breast cancer according to a study published December 6 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-12-women-higher-carotenoid-breast-cancer.html Thu, 06 Dec 2012 16:00:09 EST news274022036 The combined loss of two tumor suppressor genes, retinoblastoma (RB) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was shown to be strongly associated with progression of DCIS to invasive breast cancer, according to a study published November 28 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-11-combined-rb-pten-loss-dcis.html Wed, 28 Nov 2012 16:33:15 EST news273342786 Researchers report that screening for KRAS and BRAF mutations can reduce the cost of anti-EGFR treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer but with a very small reduction in overall survival according to a new study published on November 28 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-11-kras-braf-mutation-screening-metastatic.html Wed, 28 Nov 2012 16:29:31 EST news273342562 Researchers found that aspirin use is associated with a decreased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma and death from chronic liver disease (CLD), according to a study published November 28 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-11-nsaid-linked-hepatocellular-carcinoma-mortality.html Wed, 28 Nov 2012 16:28:03 EST news273342452 Risk prediction models developed from an ancillary study of the Prostate Lung Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) may be useful in the public health sector for identifying individuals who are at risk for adverse smoking outcomes, such as relapse among former smokers and continued smoking among current smokers, and those who may benefit from relapse prevention and smoking cessation interventions according to a study published October 26 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-10-plco-at-risk-patients-adverse-outcomes.html Fri, 26 Oct 2012 17:00:15 EDT news270488374 Combined folic acid, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 supplements had no statistically significant effect on the risk of colorectal adenoma among women who were at high risk for cardiovascular disease, according to a study published October 12 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-10-folic-acid-vitamins-b6-affect.html Fri, 12 Oct 2012 16:00:01 EDT news269257108 The increase in anal cancer incidence in the U.S. between 1980 and 2005 was greatly influenced by HIV infections in males, but not females, according to a study published October 5 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-10-hiv-anal-cancer-males.html Sat, 06 Oct 2012 07:15:35 EDT news268726525 The HIV protease inhibitor, Nelfinavir, can be used to treat HER2-positive breast cancer in the same capacity and dosage regimen that it is used to treat HIV, according to a study published October 5 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-10-hiv-drug-efficacy-mouse-her2.html Sat, 06 Oct 2012 07:14:51 EDT news268726474