http://medicalxpress.com/ en-us Medical Xpress internet news portal provides the latest news on Health and Medicine. Each year more than 1.7 million people in the United States sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI). The incidence of TBI in older adults poses special diagnostic, management and treatment challenges, say experts in a special collection of papers on TBI in the elderly in NeuroRehabilitation: An Interdisciplinary Journal. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-05-traumatic-brain-injury-poses-complex.html Neuroscience Mon, 06 May 2013 12:00:18 EST news287060408 (HealthDay)—With four to five times more males affected by autism spectrum disorders than females, much less is known about girls with autism. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-05-girls-autism-treatments-boys.html Autism spectrum disorders Thu, 02 May 2013 05:15:57 EST news286690550 Americans are over-diagnosed and over-treated for depression, according to a new study conducted at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The study examines adults with clinician-identified depression and individuals who experienced major depressive episodes within a 12-month period. It found that when assessed for major depressive episodes using a structured interview, only 38.4 percent of adults with clinician-identified depression met the 12-month criteria for depression, despite the majority of participants being prescribed and using psychiatric medications. The results are featured in the April 2013 issue of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-04-over-diagnosis-over-treatment-depression-common.html Psychology & Psychiatry Tue, 30 Apr 2013 12:23:12 EST news286543386 In this prospective study, led by Dr Richard Moreau, INSERM Research Director (Mixed Research Unit 773 "Centre de Recherche biomédicale Bichat-Beaujon"; INSERM/Université Paris Diderot) who is also a practitioner attached to the Hepatology Department of the Beaujon Hospital (AP-HP), researchers studied a cohort of 1343 patients from 12 European countries. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-04-liver-disease-enable-provision-treatment.html Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes Thu, 18 Apr 2013 10:26:21 EST news285499574 Researchers have been able to reconstruct the genome sequence of an outbreak strain of Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) using metagenomics (the direct sequencing of DNA extracted from microbiologically complex samples), according to a study in the April 10 issue of JAMA, a Genomics theme issue. The findings highlight the potential of this approach to identify and characterize bacterial pathogens directly from clinical specimens without laboratory culture. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-04-genomics-id-outbreaks-infectious-disease.html Genetics Tue, 09 Apr 2013 16:00:01 EST news284735301 When we think of pain we generally think of something that is related to our body. But there is a devastating form of pain that is not frequently acknowledged and is a topic of a paper by Eliana Tossani (University of Bologna) in the current issue of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-04-mental-pain.html Psychology & Psychiatry Thu, 04 Apr 2013 08:31:23 EST news284283075 Millions of adults are exposed to traumatic events each year. Shortly after exposure many experience symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) such as flashbacks, emotional numbing and difficulty sleeping. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-04-effective-evidence-based-interventions-posttraumatic-stress.html Psychology & Psychiatry Tue, 02 Apr 2013 13:46:43 EST news284129175 In a small, preliminary study of regular migraine sufferers, scientists have found that measuring a fat-derived protein called adiponectin (ADP) before and after migraine treatment can accurately reveal which headache victims felt pain relief. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-03-blood-fat-cell-hormone-severity.html Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes Mon, 18 Mar 2013 11:19:41 EST news282824308 Three myths about sleepwalking – sleepwalkers have no memory of their actions, sleepwalkers' behaviour is without motivation, and sleepwalking has no daytime impact – are dispelled in a recent study led by Antonio Zadra of the University of Montreal and its affiliated Sacré-Coeur Hospital. Working from numerous studies over the last 15 years at the hospital's Centre for Advanced Studies in Sleep Medicine at the Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal and a thorough analysis of the literature, Zadra and his colleagues have raised the veil on sleepwalking and clarified the diagnostic criteria for researchers and clinicians. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-03-sleepwalkers-theyve.html Neuroscience Thu, 14 Mar 2013 04:45:56 EST news282455141 Researchers at IDIBELL and CIBERER Virginia Nunes and Miguel López de Heredia have collected data from 400 patients with Wolfram syndrome published worldwide in the last fifteen years to better understand the natural history of disease. The findings lead them to propose a revision of the diagnostic criteria of the disease because 15% of paediatric patients escape from diagnosis. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-02-percent-patients-wolfram-syndrome-current.html Genetics Thu, 28 Feb 2013 12:08:44 EST news281275717 A new study found a high prevalence of sleep disorders and a startlingly high rate of short sleep duration among active duty military personnel. The study suggests the need for a cultural change toward appropriate sleep practices throughout the military. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-01-duty-military-personnel-prone-disorders.html Health Thu, 31 Jan 2013 15:00:01 EST news278862494 (HealthDay)—The long-awaited revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has been approved, bringing with it a series of revisions, additions and subtractions to the tome that is considered the Bible of psychiatry. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-12-psychiatry-diagnostic-manual.html Psychology & Psychiatry Mon, 03 Dec 2012 18:20:07 EST news273776187 (Medical Xpress)—A group of scientists from the University of Copenhagen has created a model that shows how some types of ADHD medicine influence the brain's reward system. The model makes it possible to understand the effect of the medicine and perhaps in the longer term to improve the development of medicine and dose determination. The new research results have been published in the Journal of Neurophysiology. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-11-adhd-medicine-affects-brain-reward.html Neuroscience Fri, 09 Nov 2012 11:31:06 EST news271683055 A number of important questions and issues should be addressed before changes are made to the guidelines for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes, according to a new article by University of Maryland School of Medicine Dean E. Albert Reece, M.D., Ph.D., M.B.A., published online in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology on Oct. 31. The article publishes in advance of a new National Institutes of Health (NIH) initiative to reconsider diagnostic guidelines for the condition. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-10-umsom-dean-urges-caution-diagnostic.html Obstetrics & gynaecology Wed, 31 Oct 2012 16:12:48 EST news270918749 A free source of evidence-based information for health care professionals and for researchers studying liver injury associated with prescription and over-the-counter drugs, herbals, and dietary supplements is now available from the National Institutes of Health. Researchers and health care professionals can use the LiverTox database to identify basic and clinical research questions to be answered and to chart optimal ways to diagnose and control drug-induced liver injury. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-10-nih-free-database-drugs-liver.html Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes Fri, 12 Oct 2012 17:03:40 EST news269280214 Parents should not worry that proposed changes to the medical criteria redefining a diagnosis of autism will leave their children excluded and deemed ineligible for psychiatric and medical care, says a team of researchers led by psychologists at Weill Cornell Medical College. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-10-definition-autism-dsm-exclude-children.html Autism spectrum disorders Tue, 02 Oct 2012 00:00:03 EST news268331950 (HealthDay) -- Use of 10/66 dementia diagnosis criteria (10/66) results in an increase in the estimated incidence of dementia in middle-income countries, according to a study published online May 23 in The Lancet. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-05-dementia-mid-income-countries.html Alzheimer's disease & dementia Thu, 24 May 2012 04:17:53 EST news257051684 New research provides the strongest evidence to date that psychopathy is linked to specific structural abnormalities in the brain. The study, published in Archives of General Psychiatry and led by researchers at King's College London is the first to confirm that psychopathy is a distinct neuro-developmental sub-group of anti-social personality disorder (ASPD). http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-05-psychopathy-linked-specific-abnormalities-brain.html Psychology & Psychiatry Mon, 07 May 2012 16:00:08 EST news255611529 A Rhode Island Hospital psychiatrist and researcher explains the negative impact of broadening the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder in the upcoming Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). In a newly published commentary in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Mark Zimmerman, M.D., explains that lowering the diagnostic threshold for bipolar disorder will likely do more harm than good for patients. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-04-rhode-island-hospital-broadening-bipolar.html Psychology & Psychiatry Tue, 24 Apr 2012 11:32:25 EST news254485938 Eating disorders can be triggered by lack of support following traumatic events such as bereavement, relationship problems, abuse and sexual assault, according to research published in the May issue of the Journal of Clinical Nursing. Even changing school or moving home can prove too much for some young people and lead to conditions such as anorexia or bulimia. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-04-family-life-reveals-key-events.html Health Tue, 24 Apr 2012 10:36:26 EST news254482580 Researchers from Norway and the United Kingdom have developed a new instrument to measure work addiction: The Bergen Work Addiction Scale. The new instrument is based on core elements of addiction that are recognised as diagnostic criteria for several addictions. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-04-method-addiction.html Psychology & Psychiatry Mon, 23 Apr 2012 17:04:30 EST news254419431 (Medical Xpress) -- A commentary published in the April issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry reviews the significant limitations of a study critical of the proposed diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The criteria are being proposed for the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-03-commentary-issue-criticism-autism-definition.html Autism spectrum disorders Wed, 28 Mar 2012 09:14:14 EST news252144845 Named in a scientific paper for the first time in 1979, bulimia nervosa has been studied extensively since. But while researchers explore its causes, diagnosis and treatment, the origins of the condition have attracted considerably less attention. Chrissie Giles meets two researchers who were instrumental in establishing bulimia nervosa as an eating disorder to find out more about their thoughts on its history. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-02-blue-bulimia-nervosa-modern-disease.html Psychology & Psychiatry Mon, 20 Feb 2012 07:53:47 EST news248946791 The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has completed a comprehensive study of an unexplained skin condition commonly referred to as Morgellons and found no infectious agent and no evidence to suggest an environmental link. The full results are reported in the Jan. 25 issue of the online journal PLoS ONE. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-01-unexplained-skin-condition-non-infectious-linked.html Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes Wed, 25 Jan 2012 17:00:14 EST news246710905 (Medical Xpress) -- Autism has been the subject of much discussion recently due to proposed changes in diagnostic criteria, as laid out in the forthcoming fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). These proposed changes would collapse three current diagnoses – Autistic Disorder, Asperger Disorder, and a diagnosis called PDD-Not Otherwise Specified – into one diagnosis. This change has led to concerns about how individuals with these previous diagnoses, as well as individuals who have yet to receive a diagnosis, will be impacted. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-01-autism-expert-diagnosis.html Autism spectrum disorders Mon, 23 Jan 2012 06:28:44 EST news246522507 (Medical Xpress) -- The American Psychiatric Association (APA) has proposed new diagnostic criteria for the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) for autism. While final decisions are still months away, the recommendations reflect the work of dozens of the nation’s top scientific and research minds and are supported by more than a decade of intensive study and analysis. The proposal by the DSM-5 Neurodevelopmental Work Group recommends a new category called autism spectrum disorder which would incorporate several previously separate diagnoses, including autistic disorder, Asperger’s disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-01-dsm-criteria-autism-spectrum-disorder.html Autism spectrum disorders Mon, 23 Jan 2012 06:26:49 EST news246522402 Getting an autism diagnosis could be more difficult in 2013 when a revised diagnostic definition goes into effect. The proposed changes may affect the proportion of individuals who qualify for a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, according to preliminary data presented by Yale School of Medicine researchers at a meeting of the Icelandic Medical Association. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-01-autism-redefined-yale-impact-diagnostic.html Autism spectrum disorders Fri, 20 Jan 2012 13:27:08 EST news246288404 (Medical Xpress) -- A new approach for diagnosing patients with anorexia nervosa has been developed at the University of Sydney. The approach could have a significant impact on the treatment and recovery of sufferers, as well as reducing the strain on public health. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-01-approach-anorexia-nervosa.html Psychology & Psychiatry Mon, 09 Jan 2012 06:42:45 EST news245313744 A leading cause of post-traumatic stress disorder is guilt that troops experience because of moral dilemmas faced in combat, according to preliminary findings of a study of active-duty Marines. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2011-12-guilt-factor-ptsd.html Psychology & Psychiatry Tue, 06 Dec 2011 11:10:01 EST news242383054 A rise in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) rates has the orthopedic community moving to develop it's first-ever agreed upon definition and diagnostic criteria to help better treat patients. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2011-11-definition-periprosthetic-joint-infection.html Other Fri, 04 Nov 2011 10:50:02 EST news239621423