http://medicalxpress.com/ en-us Medical Xpress internet news portal provides the latest news on Health and Medicine. Routine screening for type 2 diabetes in adults at low and moderate risk is not recommended, although it is recommended for people at high and very high risk of the disease, state new diabetes screening guidelines published in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal) http://www.cmaj.ca/content/184/15/1687.full. The guidelines suggest using a risk calculator and then screening based on the predicted risk of diabetes. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-10-diabetes-screening-guidelines.html Diabetes Tue, 16 Oct 2012 13:37:43 EST news269613147 An analysis of a school behavior strategy—known as School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS)—found that these types of programs significantly reduced children's aggressive behaviors and office discipline referrals, as well as improved problems with concentration and emotional regulation. The study, conducted by researchers from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, is the first randomized control trial to examine the impact of SWPBIS programs over multiple school years. The results were published October 15 in the journal Pediatrics as an eFirst publication. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-10-school-wide-interventions-student-behavior.html Pediatrics Mon, 15 Oct 2012 13:13:23 EST news269525596 Although some data have suggested a possible inverse association between serum vitamin D levels and the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections (colds), participants in a randomized controlled trial who received a monthly dose of 100,000 IUs of vitamin D3 did not have a significantly reduced incidence or severity of colds, according to a study in the October 3 issue of JAMA. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-10-vitamin-d-supplementation-severity-colds.html Health Tue, 02 Oct 2012 16:00:08 EST news268404181 Today, the International and American Associations for Dental Research (IADR/AADR) published a study titled "Enhancing Oral Health via Sense of Coherence: a Cluster Randomized Trial." This study by lead author Orawan Nammontri, University of Sheffield, UK, is published in the IADR/AADR Journal of Dental Research. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-09-oral-health-coherence-cluster-randomized.html Dentistry Thu, 27 Sep 2012 16:08:06 EST news267980880 Tonsillectomy is exceedingly common, with a reported increase in tonsillectomy rates in children younger than 15 years from 287,000 to 530,000 per year over the past decade. Although safe, adenotonsillectomy can result in significant complications, such as aspiration and bleeding. Complications are infrequent, but because tonsillectomy is so common, the absolute number of children experiencing tonsillectomy complications is formidable. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-09-pre-op-steroids-nausea-significantly-post-op.html Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes Tue, 25 Sep 2012 16:00:03 EST news267807366 (HealthDay)—Receiving genetic risk counseling does not significantly alter self-reported motivation or prevention program adherence for overweight individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes, according to a study published online Aug. 28 in Diabetes Care. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-09-genetic-doesnt-affect-pre-diabetes-behavior.html Diabetes Fri, 07 Sep 2012 12:50:01 EST news266238353 Women with severe aortic stenosis are 40% less likely to die after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) than men, reveals the latest data from the largest study to date of gender differences in outcomes after TAVI. The findings were presented at ESC Congress 2012 by Professor Karin Humphries from St. Paul's Hospital. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-08-women-die-tavi-men.html Cardiology Tue, 28 Aug 2012 11:30:01 EST news265370859 (HealthDay) -- It remains unclear whether the benefits of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing outweigh the harms, but evidence suggests that men with a longer life expectancy may benefit from testing, according to a provisional clinical opinion from the American Society of Clinical Oncology published online July 16 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-07-benefits-prostate-specific-antigen-unclear.html Cancer Fri, 20 Jul 2012 13:20:01 EST news262003483 Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), well established as an effective treatment for severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is also effective in patients with mild and moderately severe OSA and daytime sleepiness, according to a new study. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-07-cpap-treatment-effective-patients-milder.html Sleep apnea Fri, 20 Jul 2012 00:20:02 EST news261932798 Various trials examining the use of anti-retroviral drugs in healthy heterosexuals as a way to prevent HIV have shown drastically different results, research showed Wednesday. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-07-pills-hiv.html HIV & AIDS Wed, 11 Jul 2012 18:28:07 EST news261250077 (HealthDay) -- Training in mindfulness meditation or exercise is linked to a decrease in the severity and duration of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in adults, according to a study published in the July/August issue of the Annals of Family Medicine. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-07-meditation-respiratory-illness-burden.html Health Tue, 10 Jul 2012 14:10:02 EST news261148148 (HealthDay) -- For overweight or obese adolescents, two group-based behavioral weight control interventions, combined with either aerobic activity or activity-based peer therapy, produce sustained improvements in body mass index (BMI) through 24 months, according to a study published online July 2 in Pediatrics. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-07-behavioral-weight-loss-long-term-benefit.html Pediatrics Mon, 02 Jul 2012 14:20:02 EST news260452495 A multicenter study involving a UT Southwestern Medical Center urogynecologist will eliminate some of the guesswork physicians face about whether to use a sling during vaginal prolapse repair to prevent urinary incontinence. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-06-decisions-women-prolapse-surgery.html Obstetrics & gynaecology Wed, 20 Jun 2012 17:00:05 EST news259417350 (Medical Xpress) -- A drug shown to help break alcohol addiction can also help recovering methamphetamine addicts stay clean, a study led by University of Virginia School of Medicine researcher Dr. Bankole A. Johnson has found. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-06-meds-recovering-meth-addicts-sober.html Addiction Thu, 14 Jun 2012 06:29:13 EST news258874146 Margaret Rosenfeld, M.D., M.P.H., of Seattle Children's Hospital, and colleagues conducted a study to examine if hypertonic saline would reduce the rate of pulmonary exacerbations in children younger than 6 years of age with cystic fibrosis (CF). Inhaled hypertonic saline is recommended as therapy for patients 6 years or older with CF, but its efficacy has not been evaluated in patients younger than 6 years. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-05-inhaled-saline-young-children-cystic.html Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes Sun, 20 May 2012 11:00:04 EST news256713005 Pregnant women in poor communities in Bangladesh who received multiple micronutrients, including iron and folic acid combined with early food supplementation, had substantially improved survival of their newborns, compared to women in a standard program that included usual food supplementation, according to a study in the May 16 issue of JAMA, a theme issue on Global Health. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-05-prenatal-micronutrient-food-supplementation-intervention.html Health Tue, 15 May 2012 16:35:33 EST news256318526 (HealthDay) -- Treatment with sumatriptan and naproxen sodium (suma/nap) is well tolerated and effective in reducing migraine pain in adolescents, according to a study published online May 14 in Pediatrics. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-05-sumatriptannaproxen-teens-migraines.html Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes Tue, 15 May 2012 04:46:07 EST news256275961 (HealthDay) -- For women without diabetes and with operable breast cancer, administration of metformin prior to surgery does not significantly affect the proliferative marker Ki-67 overall, but drug effects are observed according to homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), particularly in luminal B tumors, according to a study published online May 7 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-05-metformin-dual-effect-breast-cancer.html Cancer Wed, 09 May 2012 15:00:01 EST news255786992 Analysis of a drug regimen approved by the F.D.A. in 2006 for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (bevacizumab added to the standard chemotherapy regimen carboplatin and paclitaxel) finds Medicare insured patients age 65 years and older who received this regimen did not have improved survival compared to patients who received the standard treatment of carboplatin and paclitaxel alone, according to a study in the April 18 issue of JAMA, a theme issue on comparative effectiveness research. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-04-drug-regimen-treatment-non-small-cell.html Cancer Tue, 17 Apr 2012 10:51:03 EST news253878657 Among patients with a high risk of recurrence of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor following surgery for its removal, patients who received imatinib (a drug to treat certain cancers) for 3 years instead of 1 had improved recurrence-free survival and overall survival, according to a study in the March 28 issue of JAMA. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-03-longer-treatment-cancer-drug-gi.html Cancer Tue, 27 Mar 2012 16:00:01 EST news252082285 The Cardiovascular Research Foundation (CRF) today announced the initiation of the HORIZONS-AMI II randomized trial, evaluating Promus Element platinum-chromium everolimus-eluting stents versus Omega bare-metal stents in patients with heart attack undergoing primary angioplasty with bivalirudin anticoagulation. The HORIZONS-AMI II trial will also investigate the chronic use of the antiplatelet medications prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients free of major events at 30 days. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-03-cardiovascular-foundation-horizons-ami-ii-clinical.html Cardiology Tue, 27 Mar 2012 09:58:18 EST news252060971 A large randomized trial comparing bypass surgery done with a heart-lung machine (on pump) and without it (off pump) found no differences in results between techniques overall but some clinically relevant differences, according to research presented today at the American College of Cardiology's 61st Annual Scientific Session. The Scientific Session, the premier cardiovascular medical meeting, brings cardiovascular professionals together to further advances in the field. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-03-largest-on-pump-off-pump-bypass-safely.html Cardiology Mon, 26 Mar 2012 11:37:33 EST news251980648 Cleansing a newborn's umbilical cord with chlorhexidine can reduce an infant's risk of infection and death during the first weeks of life by as much as 20 percent, according to a study led by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The study, conducted in rural Bangladesh in partnership with ICDDR,B and a Bangladeshi NGO Shimantik and funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and Save the Children's Saving Newborn Lives program, is the latest in a series of studies showing that umbilical cord cleaning with chlorhexidine can save lives. The latest findings will be published online February 8 by The Lancet. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-02-chlorhexidine-umbilical-cord-newborn.html Health Wed, 08 Feb 2012 03:50:01 EST news247895004 (Medical Xpress) -- Researchers in Chile have successfully tested a vaccine against meningococcus B, a strain of bacteria that causes meningococcal diseases, including one of the commonest forms of meningitis, a disease in which membranes covering the brain and spinal cord become inflamed. Meningitis can be caused by viruses or bacteria, but the bacterial forms, such as meningococcus B, are more severe and cause the deaths of many young children every year. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-01-meningitis-vaccine.html Medications Fri, 20 Jan 2012 05:30:02 EST news246256033 Adding pertuzumab to a combination of trastuzumab and docetaxel chemotherapy extended progression-free survival by a median of 6.1 months in patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer compared with patients who received the combination therapy with placebo. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2011-12-dual-her2-blockade-significantly-progression-free.html Cancer Thu, 08 Dec 2011 03:53:03 EST news242538772 Women dieters who grab a snack between breakfast and lunch lose less weight compared to those who abstain from a mid-morning snack, according to a study led by researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2011-11-mid-morning-snacking-sabotage-weight-loss-efforts.html Health Mon, 28 Nov 2011 14:22:07 EST news241712521 Supervised exercise was shown to be more effective than stenting or medication for improved walking ability in patients with peripheral artery disease. The findings from a national study were reported today at the 2011 American Heart Association Scientific Sessions meeting. Rhode Island Hospital is one of hospitals participating in the national CLEVER study. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2011-11-stents-pad-patients.html Cardiology Wed, 16 Nov 2011 12:53:08 EST news240670377 Results from the PROFI study indicate that the use of a proximal balloon occlusion in carotid artery stenting lead to fewer cerebral ischemic lesions – a predictor of stroke – than with the use of a filter. Trial results were presented today at the 23rd annual Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics (TCT) scientific symposium, sponsored by the Cardiovascular Research Foundation. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2011-11-results-profi-tct.html Cardiology Sat, 12 Nov 2011 06:24:17 EST news240260132 A clinical trial to test better treatment options for chronic heroin addiction is expected to begin in Vancouver at the end of this year. Led by researchers from Providence Health Care and the University of British Columbia, it's the only clinical trial of its kind in North America. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2011-10-ubc-providence-health-treatments-heroin-addiction.html Medical research Wed, 12 Oct 2011 09:50:49 EST news237631842 A shorter course of radiation treatment that delivers higher doses of radiation per day in fewer days (hypofractionation) is as effective in decreasing intermediate to high-risk prostate cancer from returning as conventional radiation therapy at five years after treatment, according to a randomized trial presented at the plenary session, October 3, 2011, at the 53rdAnnual Meeting of the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO). http://medicalxpress.com/news/2011-09-shorter-prostate-cancer-effective-long-term.html Cancer Mon, 26 Sep 2011 14:00:01 EST news236263006