http://medicalxpress.com/ en-us Medical Xpress internet news portal provides the latest news on Health and Medicine. According to a new study out of Queen's University, even very young children value people that help them and are motivated to return the favour. The study revealed that those children, when asked to pick one person to help, most often choose the person who was helpful to them. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-04-toddlers-people.html Psychology & Psychiatry Tue, 30 Apr 2013 05:39:20 EST news286519153 The structure of a man's face may indicate his tendency to express racially prejudiced beliefs, according to new research published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-02-facial-endorsement-racial-prejudice.html Psychology & Psychiatry Wed, 13 Feb 2013 14:50:02 EST news279987385 How far would you go to get the attention of the one you love? http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-02-men-biggest-takers.html Psychology & Psychiatry Mon, 11 Feb 2013 09:10:01 EST news279794832 (Medical Xpress)—Before spouses take their first step toward fitness, their partner's interest or willingness to participate can sway them, says a Purdue University family studies expert. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-02-spouses-illness.html Health Tue, 05 Feb 2013 06:40:01 EST news279267840 (HealthDay)—Family physicians can play a role in addressing and preventing violence in the community, according to a Jan. 17 letter to President Obama from the American Association of Family Physicians (AAFP). http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-01-aafp-obama-family-docs-key.html Health Fri, 25 Jan 2013 13:03:18 EST news278341393 In 2008, research showed that expressing support for Barack Obama increased people's comfort in subsequently saying or doing things that might be considered racist. Researchers argued that endorsing a black political figure made people feel as if they had "non-racist credentials" that reduced their concern about subsequently seeming prejudiced. Now this same research group has identified a mental trick that people play to convince themselves that they have these same non-racist credentials: convincing themselves that they were presented with but passed up opportunities to act in racially insensitive ways in the past. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-12-rewriting-personal-history-racist-roads.html Psychology & Psychiatry Tue, 04 Dec 2012 13:39:49 EST news273850717 (Medical Xpress)—A UK study reveals that the public find it acceptable to reward people for changing their health-related behaviour, such as smoking or weight loss, as long as it works. In the past, such incentives have provoked negative public reactions. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-12-rewarding-people-healthier-reveals.html Health Tue, 04 Dec 2012 06:38:15 EST news273825487 Some people live their lives by the motto "no risk - no fun!" and avoid hardly any risks. Others are clearly more cautious and focus primarily on safety when investing and for other business activities. Scientists from the University of Bonn in cooperation with colleagues from the University of Zurich studied the attitudes towards risk in a group of 56 subjects. They found that in people who preferred safety, certain regions of the brain show a higher level of activation when they are confronted with quite unforeseeable situations. In addition, they do not distinguish as clearly as risk takers whether a situation is more or less risky than expected. The results have just been published in the renowned Journal of Neuroscience. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-11-aversity-visible-brain.html Neuroscience Mon, 26 Nov 2012 13:19:58 EST news273158382 Pregnant women with mental health disorders are facing too many barriers to help them quit smoking during pregnancy despite their willingness to accept support, finds a new study published today in BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-11-cessation-pregnant-women-mental-disorders.html Obstetrics & gynaecology Wed, 21 Nov 2012 00:20:02 EST news272650314 (Medical Xpress)—As the Black Friday sales start earlier and the smartphones play hard to get, a Kansas State University professor says psychology can explain why consumers wait in line for the latest sales, gadgets and experiences. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-11-psychology-desire-line-latest-greatest.html Psychology & Psychiatry Wed, 14 Nov 2012 08:00:02 EST news272100943 Crime, gang activity and other problems of disordered neighborhoods decrease nonresident fathers' involvement with their children, but it doesn't have the effect on fathers who live with their children in two-parent households, a recent study indicates. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-10-factors-deter-nonresident-fathers-child.html Psychology & Psychiatry Fri, 26 Oct 2012 09:10:01 EST news270459697 Researchers have long studied infants' perceptions of safe and risky ground by observing their willingness to cross a visual cliff, a large drop-off covered with a solid glass surface. In crawling, infants grow more likely to avoid the apparent drop-off, leading researchers to conclude that they have a fear of heights. Now a new study has found that although infants learn to avoid the drop-off while crawling, this knowledge doesn't transfer to walking. This suggests that what infants learn is to perceive the limits of their ability to crawl or walk, not a generalized fear of heights. The findings have implications for infants' safety. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-08-infants-drop-off-specific-motor-ability.html Psychology & Psychiatry Tue, 21 Aug 2012 00:00:09 EST news264699665 In a University of Missouri study, girls and boys started grade school with different approaches to solving arithmetic problems, with girls favoring a slow and accurate approach and boys a faster but more error prone approach. Girls' approach gave them an early advantage, but by the end of sixth grade boys had surpassed the girls. The MU study found that boys showed more preference for solving arithmetic problems by reciting an answer from memory, whereas girls were more likely to compute the answer by counting. Understanding these results may help teachers and parents guide students better. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-07-boys-impulsiveness-result-math-ability.html Psychology & Psychiatry Fri, 27 Jul 2012 11:02:33 EST news262605745 A pair of neuroscientists from Vanderbilt and Harvard Universities has proposed the first neurobiological model for third-party punishment. It outlines a collection of potential cognitive and brain processes that evolutionary pressures could have re-purposed to make this behavior possible. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-04-crime-neurobiological-roots-modern-justice.html Neuroscience Wed, 18 Apr 2012 13:20:01 EST news253973711 Unlike women, men don't curb certain risk-taking behaviours when a baby is present, a new psychology study at the University of Warwick suggests. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-04-babies-flick-anti-risk-women-men.html Psychology & Psychiatry Tue, 17 Apr 2012 10:47:30 EST news253878445 A belief that the seasonal flu jab really works is far more likely to sway healthcare professionals to get vaccinated than the potential to protect at risk patients from infection, finds research published in Occupational and Environmental Medicine. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-03-belief-flu-jab-boosts-uptake.html Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes Wed, 07 Mar 2012 18:30:03 EST news250359380 A majority of college students is receptive to donating blood or other genetic material for scientific research, according to a new study from Southern Methodist University, Dallas. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2012-02-college-students-donate-genetic-material.html Other Tue, 21 Feb 2012 13:21:33 EST news249052877 Even members of the lay public who have received CPR training are confused about how to perform the lifesaving skill and say they don't have confidence in their ability to do it properly, according to a study from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania which will be presented today at the American Heart Association's annual Scientific Sessions (Abstract #65). http://medicalxpress.com/news/2011-11-members-lack-skills-confidence-cpr.html Other Sat, 12 Nov 2011 14:16:17 EST news240329767 A new study presents the first evidence that a basic sense of fairness and altruism appears in infancy. Babies as young as 15 months perceived the difference between equal and unequal distribution of food, and their awareness of equal rations was linked to their willingness to share a toy. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2011-10-babies-fairness-altruism-early-months.html Psychology & Psychiatry Fri, 07 Oct 2011 16:12:33 EST news237222738 Civilized human cohabitation requires us to respect elementary social norms. We guarantee compliance with these norms with our willingness to punish norm violations – often even at our own expense. This behavior goes against our own economic self-interest and requires us to control our egoistic impulses. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2011-10-fair-sanctions-orchestrated-brain.html Neuroscience Thu, 06 Oct 2011 10:50:03 EST news237116376 Parents of babies born without clearly defined male or female genitals experience a roller-coaster of emotions, including shock, anxiety and the need to protect their child, according to a study in the October issue of the Journal of Advanced Nursing. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2011-09-parents-anxiety-children-genital-ambiguity.html Health Wed, 28 Sep 2011 09:58:33 EST news236422707 (Medical Xpress) -- It was just last year that a certain company selling a special probiotic enhanced yogurt was ordered by a U.S. court to stop suggesting in its advertisements that it's product had health benefits that went beyond the norm. Now, new evidence by Javier Bravo and colleagues at University College Cork, suggests the company may have been on to something. In their paper, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, the team describes how mice given the prbiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus, showed signs of being less anxious and depressed and even had lowered levels of stress hormones. http://medicalxpress.com/news/2011-08-probiotics-brain-functioning.html Neuroscience Tue, 30 Aug 2011 09:12:15 EST news233914306