Gastroenterology

How the gut microbiota develops in the first five years of life

The human gut microbiota largely reaches an adult-like composition by five years of age, but important differences remain, finds a study published on March 31st in the journal Cell Host & Microbe. Several bacterial taxa that ...

Obstetrics & gynaecology

Baby infected with COVID-19 in the womb: study

Doctors in France have described what they said was the first confirmed case of a newborn infected in the womb with COVID-19 by the mother.

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Caesarean section

A Caesarean section (or Cesarean section in American English), also known as C-section or Caesar, is a surgical procedure in which incisions are made through a mother's abdomen (laparotomy) and uterus (hysterotomy) to deliver one or more babies. It is usually performed when a vaginal delivery would put the baby's or mother's life or health at risk, although in recent times it has been also performed upon request for childbirths that could otherwise have been natural. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that the rate of Caesarean sections should not exceed 15% in any country. In 2006, the last year with available data, the rate of U.S. births by C-section was 31.1%, the highest it has ever been.

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