Medical research

Sex, gender and the mechanisms of disease

Medical research did not always include women as participants or investigate the influence of sex and gender on health. This has now changed, and research is beginning to uncover ways in which sex as a biological variable ...

Obstetrics & gynaecology

Discovering a mysterious estrogen's important role in pregnancy

When a woman becomes pregnant, her levels of estriol, one of the three common estrogens that are nearly undetectable before conception, skyrocket. However, scientists never knew what this hormone does or why levels of it ...

Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes

Diseased male livers undergo sex change

The livers of men diagnosed with hepatic diseases change sex as part of a potential self-protective mechanism, according to University of Queensland research.

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