Hope of new treatment for severe asthma patients

Hope of new treatment for severe asthma patients
Credit: RIKEN

New research from Japan brings hope of a new treatment for asthma patients resistant to corticosteroids. In a study published today in the journal Nature Communications, researchers from the RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences and Keio University in Japan report that a type of lymphocytes called natural helper (NH) cells plays a critical role in corticosteroid resistance and demonstrate that the anti-psychotic drug Pimozide can be used to overcome resistance to steroids in severe asthma patients.

Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by a of the airways. The condition can be controlled with a moderate dose of in most patients. However, 5-10% of patients with "" respond poorly to a maximal dose of steroids. These patients experience uncontrolled and frequent asthma symptoms that have a profound impact on their quality of life and health care costs. Unveiling the mechanism leading to steroid resistance in these patients is therefore crucial for the development of a new, effective therapy.

T lymphocytes and NH cells in the asthmatic lung produce proteins named interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 that are responsible for severe airway inflammation. In , inhaled steroids function by suppressing both T lymphocytes and NH cells.

However, in severe asthma patients, another protein called interleukin-33 (IL-33) produced in the airways strongly activates NH cells to produce IL-5 and IL-13, leading to severe airway inflammation.

In the current study, the researchers led by Drs Shigeo Koyasu from RIKEN and Koichiro Asano from Keio University, employed an experimental mouse model for to study the pathway leading to IL-33-mediated NH activation. Their research shows that NH resistance to steroids is induced by the protein thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), present in the airways of severe asthma patients.

The team tested reagents that block the intracellular signals triggered by TSLP in NH cells. They identified one drug, Pimozide, an approved anti-psychotic drug, that restored the effects of steroids on NH .

"Therefore, administration of Pimozide or related drugs would be an effective treatment in human severe asthmatic patients," conclude the authors.

More information: Kabata, H. Moro, K. Fukunaga, K. Suzuki, Y. Miyata, J. Masaki, K. Betsuyaku, T. Koyasu, S. and Asano K. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin induces corticosteroid resistance in natural helper cells during airway inflammation. Nature Communications, 2013, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3675.

Journal information: Nature Communications
Provided by RIKEN
Citation: Hope of new treatment for severe asthma patients (2013, October 25) retrieved 19 March 2024 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-10-treatment-severe-asthma-patients.html
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