Students design low-cost otoscope to help diagnose hearing loss in developing countries
According to the World Health Organization 360 million people in the world suffer from hearing loss. A large portion of those affected live in developing countries, particularly South Asia, Asia Pacific and sub-Saharan Africa. Experts say at least half of all hearing loss cases are avoidable through primary prevention. In developing countries, however, primary prevention is hard to come by.
That is why a group of students at Texas A&M University has designed a low-cost otoscope that when plugged into a smartphone, can take photos of the inside of the ear. The group, members of Texas A&M's chapter of Engineering World Health, has designed and built a model LED otoscope that it is submitting to the national organization's design competition. The group's hope is that its design could be turned into a kit for easy production around the world.
Robert Hunt, design team leader, and Tessa Bronez, vice president, both received degrees in biomedical engineering this May, and they hope the group continues to refine their design now that they have graduated.
"We have a lot of electrical engineers on the team, and they were really excited about doing something with optics," Bronez said.
When Hunt and Bronez joined Engineering World Health three years ago, the group was small and there wasn't a lot of interest, they said.
"We thought coming into our senior year, we should try to take some initiative and get more people involved and come up with something exciting," Hunt said.
Engineering World Health provides a list of problems medical professionals are faced with, particularly in the developing world. That's how Hunt and Bronez found out a low-cost LED otoscope was needed to help diagnose and treat those with hearing loss.
"We thought we could use a phone to make it low cost, because they could use the camera on the phone," Bronez said. "A lot of people are surprised to hear that many people in developing countries have smartphones, particularly in the more urban areas where the hospitals are."
Their otoscope was created using a 3-D printer, standard lenses and a simple motherboard. The 3-D-printed clamp can be adjusted to hold any smartphone. Excluding the smartphone, the total cost of the otoscope is $6.42, hundreds of dollars cheaper than the otoscope used in a doctor's office.
During the research phase of its project, a team member found a study that used different wavelengths of light instead of just white light to gain better contrast in inner-ear imaging. They included red, blue and green LED lights in their design as a result.
"If you're looking at a certain type of infection, it's easier to see if you're using green light than if you're using white light," Hunt said.
According to the World Health Organization, hearing loss may result from genetic causes, complications at birth, chronic ear infections, the use of particular drugs, exposure to excessive noise and aging. More than 5 percent of the world's population suffers from hearing loss, making a low-cost otoscope an essential tool that could be used in clinics and hospitals in Third World countries.
Hearing loss has an economic and social impact too. The World Health Organization website states that many children with hearing loss and deafness do not receive schooling, and adults with hearing loss tend to have a higher unemployment rate.
For Hunt and Bronez, a project such as this created the perfect practical application for their biomedical engineering courses. Bronez will soon begin her graduate studies at Johns Hopkins University in bioengineering innovation and design, and Hunt is headed to Stanford University for a master's degree in bioengineering. They'll both be working closely with the medical community to solve problems that could have a global impact. This project is only the beginning, but they hope to see it come to fruition and make a difference in the lives of millions who suffer from hearing loss.
