https://medicalxpress.com/diagnostic-radiology-news/ en-us Latest medical news and research in Diagnostic radiology A research team from The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) has developed a novel AI framework, the Generalist–Specialist Collaboration (GSCo), which enables a generalist foundation model and specialist models to collaborate on disease diagnosis. GSCo outperforms both standalone models in tasks such as medical imaging, visual question answering and radiology report generation, while significantly reducing the cost of adapting medical models to new clinical tasks. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-07-ai-framework-enables-efficient-collaboration.html Thu, 30 Jul 2026 12:20:10 EDT news704630341 Dementia, a progressive loss of memory and decline in mental function that can be caused by various neurological conditions, is estimated to affect more than 57 million people worldwide. Identifying specific biological and neural markers of this condition could help estimate the risk that individuals will develop it and potentially enable early interventions aimed at delaying its emergence or slowing its progression. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-07-brain-fluid-flag-future-dementia.html Tue, 28 Jul 2026 07:40:06 EDT news704367580 Researchers in Korea have developed a new near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye with significantly improved photostability, overcoming the rapid signal fading that has long limited fluorescence imaging during surgery for cancer, lymph node mapping and other medical procedures. The work is published in the journal Small. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-07-scientists-photostable-infrared-fluorescent-dye.html Fri, 24 Jul 2026 13:40:02 EDT news704112841 PET/CT can add valuable information to aid the diagnosis of fever of unknown origin (FUO), according to a new multicenter, retrospective study published in the June issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine. In a cohort of more than 900 FUO patients, molecular imaging directly influenced clinical management in nearly 75%, contributing to improved patient outcomes, increased patient safety and reduced health care costs. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-07-molecular-imaging-diagnosis-fever-unknown.html Thu, 23 Jul 2026 19:20:04 EDT news704045701 One of the biggest challenges in cancer research has been linking the "big picture" seen in medical scans with the microscopic biology that drives tumor growth and dictates how patients respond to treatment. Now, by combining multiple imaging techniques (PET scans, bioluminescence and fluorescence), scientists can detect tumors across the whole body simultaneously, pinpoint key targets and then examine those tumors in detail, including the surrounding cells and tissue. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-07-imaging-method-tracks-cancer-body.html Fri, 17 Jul 2026 15:40:04 EDT news703498329 A study using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has found that patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower muscarinic acetylcholine M1 receptor availability (about 13%–19%) across multiple brain regions than healthy individuals. Reduced M1 receptor availability affects several brain regions involved in cognition, learning, memory and executive function. The findings in Biological Psychiatry provide the first in vivo evidence supporting widespread M1 receptor deficits in schizophrenia. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-07-brain-imaging-reveals-receptor-dysfunction.html Thu, 16 Jul 2026 17:00:06 EDT news703427743 Research involving a Rutgers professor sheds new light on the biological basis of schizophrenia by directly measuring synaptic connections in the human brain using specialized positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-07-imaging-reveals-widespread-brain-loss.html Tue, 14 Jul 2026 15:20:05 EDT news703257918 Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting men worldwide. However, planning personalized radiotherapy in the advanced stages of the disease still requires more precise tools. Researchers at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) have now tested a novel approach. A combination of two diagnostic imaging techniques could pave the way for personalized radiotherapy. The results of the study have been published in the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-07-isotope-imaging-alpha-therapy-metastatic.html Tue, 14 Jul 2026 14:40:06 EDT news703255307 A team of crew members aboard a commercial spaceflight acquired the first diagnostic X-rays during an orbital flight. Results of the mission were published today in Radiology. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-07-diagnostic-rays-space-era-astronaut.html Tue, 14 Jul 2026 10:00:05 EDT news703143584 A second prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET scan changed treatment plans for nearly half of patients whose first scan was negative, according to new research published in the July issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine. Findings from the repeat PSMA scans, which included both local and distant disease, resulted in a change in management for nearly 50% of these patients. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-07-prostate-specific-membrane-antigen-pet.html Sat, 11 Jul 2026 10:00:04 EDT news702823706 Working with concurrent electroencephalogram and functional magnetic resonance imaging technology at the Beckman Institute's Biomedical Imaging Center, postdoctoral researcher Suhnyoung Jun and her colleagues have investigated how the brain connectome's dynamics unfold across different timescales, captured by these two technologies at the same time. The team's paper is published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-07-brain-imaging-reveals-neural-networks.html Thu, 09 Jul 2026 16:50:01 EDT news702831222 One of the uncomfortable truths about multiple sclerosis is that the part of the brain likely to reveal the most about the disease and how a patient will be affected has been mostly invisible to clinicians. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-07-ai-previously-invisible-cortical-lesions.html Tue, 07 Jul 2026 05:00:16 EDT news702543202 A study conducted by the Sant Pau Research Institute (IR Sant Pau) and Hospital de Sant Pau has identified for the first time in living individuals a brain pattern related to the tau protein that changes according to the stage of Huntington's disease. This discovery opens the door both to the use of new biomarkers for monitoring the disease and to the development of treatments for a condition for which no therapeutic options are currently available. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-07-pet-scans-reveal-stage-linked.html Mon, 06 Jul 2026 07:52:10 EDT news702543089 For people at high risk of developing breast cancer, yearly mammograms may not be enough to detect tumors early. To make earlier diagnosis easier, an MIT team has developed portable detectors based on ultrasound, which could be used much more frequently. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-07-portable-ultrasound-reliable-breast-imaging.html Wed, 01 Jul 2026 13:00:02 EDT news702124681 A revolutionary scanning technique has revealed that lithium MRI is a powerful tool for studying how the drug interacts with the brain and could offer more personalized treatment for bipolar disorder. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-06-scans-reveal-lithium-bipolar-disorder.html Mon, 29 Jun 2026 12:20:04 EDT news701951881 Biomedical engineers at Duke University have developed a technique to noninvasively visualize the brain's waste-removal system in unprecedented detail. This new imaging approach allows researchers to examine how this system is altered by conditions including ischemic stroke, aging and anesthesia in animal models, providing new insights into a system increasingly linked to neurodegenerative disease and brain health. This work is published in the journal Science Advances. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-06-tracking-cerebrospinal-fluid-reveals-unprecedented.html Tue, 23 Jun 2026 17:20:07 EDT news701447584 A group of researchers from the Technion and the United States reports a breakthrough in MRI scanning in a paper published in Nature Communications. The researchers developed an innovative method that accelerates and enhances MRI scans for breast cancer imaging, a disease diagnosed in approximately 2.3 million people each year, most of whom are women. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-06-faster-breast-mri-ai-image.html Tue, 23 Jun 2026 16:00:02 EDT news701440741 A liver cancer diagnosis frequently leads to surgery, with the goal of completely removing all malignant tissue. To ensure that no tumor remains in the organ, the resected tissue is subjected to frozen-section analysis during the procedure. This analysis takes time: Patients remain under general anesthesia throughout, operating room staff are occupied, and with every passing minute the risk of complications increases. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-06-ai-based-tissue-anomaly-duration.html Mon, 22 Jun 2026 15:20:03 EDT news701358601 Rudolf Virchow fundamentally changed medicine when he formulated his cell theory of disease in the 19th century: Diseases do not arise inexplicably within the organism, but rather in specific cells and tissues. To this day, pathology—the study of disease processes—is essentially based on the time-consuming examination of thin tissue sections, which are stained and then viewed under a microscope. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-06-ct-tissue-images-virtually-3d.html Sun, 21 Jun 2026 11:00:01 EDT news701017573 Alzheimer's disease is commonly known for its symptoms—memory loss, cognitive impairment, difficulty with daily tasks—but it can only be definitively diagnosed by looking at the brain. A scan must show the abnormal buildup of two distinct brain proteins, beta-amyloid and tau, and the presence of both distinguishes the disease from other forms of dementia. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2026-06-experimental-tau-tracer-alzheimer-linked.html Thu, 18 Jun 2026 18:00:02 EDT news701014121