https://medicalxpress.com/ en-us provides the latest news from Osaka University A research group has revealed that transcription factors RUNX2 and BHLHE40 play crucial roles in inducing T cells involved in Crohn's disease. Crohn's disease is an intractable disorder characterized by chronic inflammation in the digestive tract. Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM), which persist long-term in the intestinal mucosa, have been implicated in disease pathogenesis, but it has not been clear how these cells are induced. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-09-key-transcription-factors-crohn-disease.html Thu, 04 Sep 2025 12:33:03 EDT news676207981 Ulcerative colitis (UC) causes misery for millions worldwide. It affects the large intestine, causing pain, cramping, and frequent bowel movements with bloody diarrhea. Although some people go through periods when they feel well, the disease will suddenly flare up, causing another cycle of pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. There is currently no cure. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-07-intestinal-flora-genes-aggravate-ulcerative.html Fri, 18 Jul 2025 14:00:01 EDT news671959023 Researchers at the University of Osaka have developed an energy-efficient and high-precision measurement system leveraging the inherent similarity between waveforms generated by the same type of signal source. https://techxplore.com/news/2025-05-energy-efficient-high-precision-waveform.html Wed, 28 May 2025 06:37:49 EDT news667633063 Neutrophils, one of the immune system warriors that were thought to be all the same, turn out to be diverse. Unfortunately, these cells are also active in autoimmune diseases. New research from Japan has found that a certain subpopulation of these white blood cells can predict disease relapse at an early stage, which may enable improved personalized treatment. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-04-neutrophil-subtypes-relapse-autoimmune-blood.html Thu, 24 Apr 2025 08:40:03 EDT news664702801 One main goal of anti-cancer therapies is to kill tumor cells without affecting the surrounding normal cells. Therefore, many drugs are designed to target tumor-specific antigens, which are molecules only expressed by cancer cells. However, it has proven difficult to identify such specific antigens in certain cancer types, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-04-hla-drb1-molecule-potential-car.html Wed, 02 Apr 2025 15:52:46 EDT news662827962 The arrangement of small molecules—known as ligands—around transition metal atoms affects how the metal atoms behave. This is important because transition metals are used as catalysts in the synthesis of a wide range of important materials. https://phys.org/news/2025-03-nickel0-boron-square-planar-complexes.html Tue, 25 Mar 2025 14:32:03 EDT news662131921 The University of Osaka, Fujitsu Limited, Systems Engineering Consultants Co., LTD. (SEC), and TIS Inc. (TIS) today announced the launch of an open-source operating system (OS) for quantum computers on GitHub, in what is one of the largest open-source initiatives of its kind globally. The Open Quantum Toolchain for Operators and Users (OQTOPUS) OS can be customized to meet individual user needs and is expected to help make practical quantum computing a reality. https://phys.org/news/2025-03-oqtopus-source-quantum.html Mon, 24 Mar 2025 16:26:57 EDT news662052412 Electrochemical devices like batteries and fuel cells help power our modern lives. These devices traditionally contain a liquid electrolyte sandwiched between solid electrodes, and can generate electricity through chemical reactions, or alternatively, can undergo chemical reactions when subjected to an electrical current. https://phys.org/news/2025-03-cations-culprit-degraded-platinum-electrodes.html Wed, 19 Mar 2025 12:20:06 EDT news661603796 We all know someone who seems to defy aging—people who look younger than their peers despite being the same age. What's their secret? Scientists at Osaka University (Japan) may have found a way to quantify this difference. By incorporating hormone (steroid) metabolism pathways into an AI-driven model, they have developed a new system to estimate a person's biological age, a measure of how well their body has aged, rather than just counting the years since birth. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-03-ai-person-true-biological-age.html Fri, 14 Mar 2025 14:23:04 EDT news661180982 Vaccine effectiveness relies on creating a strong antibody response that can be reactivated to fight future infections. Now, researchers from Japan report that antibody-producing cells are destined for longevity from the moment they are born. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-03-proteins-plasma-cells-bone-marrow.html Tue, 11 Mar 2025 11:01:04 EDT news660909662 Hypophosphatasia is a relatively common skeletal disease that primarily affects bone and tooth strength. In the third national dental survey of hypophosphatasia in Japan, recently published in Scientific Reports, researchers analyzed the dental issues faced by Japanese patients in their largest survey to date. Their findings provide valuable information for dentists and medical doctors who treat this often misunderstood disease. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-03-hard-evidence-soft-teeth-oral.html Mon, 10 Mar 2025 11:18:03 EDT news660824281 A fundamental goal of physics is to explain the broadest range of phenomena with the fewest underlying principles. Remarkably, seemingly disparate problems often exhibit identical mathematical descriptions. https://phys.org/news/2025-03-unexpected-equations-crystalline-lattice-defects.html Wed, 05 Mar 2025 13:31:49 EST news660403905 The human body is full of checks and balances that ensure correct growth, development, and function of all our different systems. Now, researchers from Japan have reported a newly discovered protein interaction that regulates sperm development. https://phys.org/news/2025-03-uncovering-protein-complex-critical-male.html Mon, 03 Mar 2025 15:33:03 EST news660238381 Many next-generation quantum devices rely on single-photon emitters based on optically active defects in solids, known as color centers. Understanding their properties is fundamental to developing novel quantum technologies. https://phys.org/news/2025-02-unraveling-extremely-bright-quantum-emitters.html Thu, 27 Feb 2025 11:17:58 EST news659877474 What if your electronic devices could adapt on the fly to temperature, pressure, or impact? Thanks to a new breakthrough in downsizing quantum materials, that idea is becoming a reality. https://techxplore.com/news/2025-02-powering-future-ultrathin-electrical-flexible.html Tue, 18 Feb 2025 17:08:05 EST news659120882 The factor that tips you over the edge from being at risk for a disease to actually developing the disease is not always clear. Now, researchers from Japan report one factor that triggers problematic proteins to start behaving badly. In a study published recently in npj Biosensing, researchers from Osaka University have revealed that high liquid flow rates could cause aggregation-prone proteins to start sticking together. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-02-peristaltic-potential-trigger-amyloid-protein.html Tue, 18 Feb 2025 15:19:48 EST news659114384 There are a multitude of products for sale that promise the appearance of eternal youth by erasing wrinkles or firming up jaw lines; but what if we could truly turn back time, at the cellular level? Now, researchers from Japan have found a protein that may do just that. https://phys.org/news/2025-02-key-protein-toggles-young-states.html Mon, 17 Feb 2025 15:19:09 EST news659027946 Heart transplant is a scary and serious surgery with a high cost, but for patients with heart failure it can be the only option for cure. Now, however, a multi-institutional research team led by Osaka University has found that simply taking a supplement might be all that is needed for certain patients with heart failure to recover—no surgery needed. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-02-simple-supplement-survival-patients-heart.html Thu, 13 Feb 2025 09:37:30 EST news658661845 From disaster zones to extreme environments, there remain areas difficult for even humans to reliably access. This poses a problem for search-and-rescue operations, research, surveillance, and more. Now, however, a research team from Osaka University and Diponegoro University, Indonesia is hard at work on one potential solution: the cyborg insect. https://techxplore.com/news/2025-02-combining-millions-years-evolution-tech.html Thu, 13 Feb 2025 09:12:29 EST news658660329 Developing effective treatments and understanding how the mechanism of the immune system have always been challenging for scientists. T cells, which are the frontline warriors in the battle against infections, have been a major focus of research. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-02-immune-probing-technique-regulatory-cell.html Wed, 12 Feb 2025 12:42:06 EST news658586521 High-speed electronic devices that do not use much power are useful for wireless communication. High-speed operation has traditionally been achieved by making devices smaller, but as devices become smaller, fabrication becomes increasingly difficult. https://techxplore.com/news/2025-02-electrodes-life-traditional-silicon-electronics.html Wed, 05 Feb 2025 09:48:33 EST news657971281 A collaboration led by researchers at Osaka University has developed a nanogate that can be open or shut by applying electricity. The nanogate shows various behaviors depending on the materials in the solutions on both sides of the gate and the applied voltage, making it attractive for different applications including sensing and controlled chemical reactions. https://phys.org/news/2025-02-nanogate-voltage-molecule-passage-tiny.html Wed, 05 Feb 2025 05:00:02 EST news657897739 A research team at Osaka University and TIS Inc. has developed software "Tranqu" that allows users to select a transpiler that converts and optimizes quantum programs for execution on quantum chips. This enables users to choose a transpiler without being tied to a specific vendor, resulting in more accurate execution outcomes. https://techxplore.com/news/2025-02-software-empowers-users-quantum-transpilers.html Tue, 04 Feb 2025 14:55:02 EST news657903301 Many foods are often advertised for their antioxidant properties. Antioxidants counteract what are known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), chemically reactive molecules that can disrupt the normal functions of lipids, proteins, and DNA in human cells. Accumulation of ROS contributes to the development of age-related diseases, including cancer, emphasizing the importance of keeping the oxidant/antioxidant balance in check. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-02-selenoproteins-play-key-role-combating.html Mon, 03 Feb 2025 15:27:04 EST news657818822 In contrast to the lockdowns imposed in many countries around the world during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Japanese authorities issued health advisories and counted on citizens to follow them voluntarily. Now, researchers from Japan have investigated how this approach affected public psychology and health-related behaviors during and after the pandemic. https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-01-japan-soft-ineffective-approach-health.html Wed, 29 Jan 2025 14:53:55 EST news657384830 Imaging live cells with fluorescent proteins has long been a crucial technique for understanding cellular behavior. While bioluminescent proteins offer several advantages over fluorescent proteins, the limited availability of color variants has made it difficult to observe multiple targets simultaneously. https://phys.org/news/2025-01-bioluminescent-cell-imaging-easier-track.html Wed, 22 Jan 2025 14:00:25 EST news656760781 Numerous memory types for computing devices have emerged in recent years, aiming to overcome the limitations imposed by traditional random access memory (RAM). Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) is one such memory type which offers several advantages over conventional RAM, including its non-volatility, high speed, increased storage capacity and enhanced endurance. https://phys.org/news/2025-01-smarter-memory-generation-ram-energy.html Tue, 07 Jan 2025 09:56:47 EST news655466203 Understanding the behavior of the molecules and cells that make up our bodies is critical for the advancement of medicine. This has led to a continual push for clear images of what is happening beyond what the eye can see. In a study recently published in Science Advances, researchers from Osaka University have reported a method that gives high-resolution Raman microscopy images. https://phys.org/news/2024-12-raman-microscopy-clearer-chemical-imaging.html Tue, 24 Dec 2024 11:53:03 EST news654263581 Even if an android's appearance is so realistic that it could be mistaken for a human in a photograph, watching it move in person can feel a bit unsettling. It can smile, frown, or display other various, familiar expressions, but finding a consistent emotional state behind those expressions can be difficult, leaving you unsure of what it is truly feeling and creating a sense of unease. https://techxplore.com/news/2024-12-uncanny-valley-technology-lifelike-facial.html Mon, 23 Dec 2024 11:56:02 EST news654177353 From the very moment an egg is fertilized, life begins with a remarkable process: cells start dividing and replicating to make copies of themselves. Yet this process is not flawless. Errors can occur when genetic material is copied, creating "unfit" cells that don't work properly. To keep development on track, cells employ a fascinating quality control system called cell competition. However, much about this mechanism remains unclear. https://phys.org/news/2024-12-foxo3-protein-unfit-cells-healthy.html Tue, 17 Dec 2024 11:37:04 EST news653657821