Less than two percent of the human genome codes for proteins, with the rest being noncoding and likely helping with gene regulation. Mutations in the noncoding genome often trigger trait changes that cause disease or disability ...
May 31, 2023
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Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have linked specific variants or mutations of the gene myocardin-related transcription factor B (MRTFB) with a novel neurodevelopmental disorder.
May 9, 2023
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Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators were a breakthrough for cystic fibrosis, improving the movement of chloride and water and moistening mucus secretions. But these drugs are expensive, don't ...
Apr 28, 2023
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Rett syndrome is a rare, progressive neurodevelopmental disorder that typically affects girls, causing severe intellectual disability, loss of motor skills, and autism-like symptoms, and there is currently no cure. Rett syndrome ...
Jan 20, 2023
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In the largest genetic study of heart arrhythmia to date, researchers led by Kazuo Miyazawa and Kaoru Ito at the RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS) in Japan report the discovery of several genes and individual ...
Jan 19, 2023
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After decades of fundamental scientific and drug discovery research, Alzheimer's disease has remained inscrutable and incurable, with a bare minimum of therapeutic progress. But in a new review article in Nature Neuroscience, ...
Jan 3, 2023
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UT Southwestern researchers have identified the molecular function of 87 inherited genetic variants that affect the risk of prostate cancer, and the majority appear to control the activity of genes located far away from the ...
Dec 27, 2022
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National Eye Institute researchers mapped the organization of human retinal cell chromatin, the fibers that package 3 billion nucleotide-long DNA molecules into compact structures that fit into chromosomes within each cell's ...
Oct 7, 2022
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A team led by researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School has taken a step toward solving a central mystery of Parkinson's disease: What is the normal function of the protein whose misfolding causes ...
Sep 5, 2022
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The research group led by immunologists Vigo Heissmeyer and Taku Ito-Kureha of LMU and Helmholtz Munich has revealed the essential function of m6A modifications in T cells.
Jul 27, 2022
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Gene modulation redirects here. For information on therapeutic regulation of gene expression, see therapeutic gene modulation.
Regulation of gene expression (or gene regulation) includes the processes that cells and viruses use to turn the information in genes into gene products. Although a functional gene product may be an RNA or a protein, the majority of known mechanisms regulate protein coding genes. Any step of the gene's expression may be modulated, from DNA-RNA transcription to the post-translational modification of a protein.
Gene regulation is essential for viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes as it increases the versatility and adaptability of an organism by allowing the cell to express protein when needed. The first discovered example of a gene regulation system was the lac operon, discovered by Jacques Monod, in which protein involved in lactose metabolism are expressed by E.coli only in the presence of lactose and absence of glucose.
Furthermore, gene regulation drives the processes of cellular differentiation and morphogenesis, leading to the creation of different cell types in multicellular organisms where the different types of cells may possess different gene expression profiles though they all possess the same genome sequence.
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