Intestinal epithelial cells line the inner wall of the gut, creating a barrier to dangerous bacteria like enteropathogenic E. coli that seek to attach and efface that barrier, causing diarrhea. Such pathogens pose significant ...
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New research hints at a possible explanation as to why people with diabetes, asthma and other conditions that involve chronic inflammation are more susceptible to the coronavirus and tend to experience more serious COVID-19.
Apr 07, 2022
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Almost one third of babies born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, or HLHS, die from heart failure before their first birthday. By uncovering cellular processes that drive heart failure in these young patients, a new study ...
Apr 07, 2022
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Prof. Liu Guanghui and his colleagues from the Institute of Zoology and the Beijing Institute of Genomics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have collaborated to find that Apolipoprotein E (APOE) destabilizes heterochromatin ...
Apr 07, 2022
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Researchers have identified the complete series of 10 factors that regulate the development of brain cell types in the visual system of fruit flies—including in what order these neurons develop. The findings, published ...
Apr 06, 2022
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Tissues often fail to regenerate from traumatic muscle-loss injuries such as gunshot wounds and car accidents, and new research in mice from the University of Michigan sheds light on why.
Apr 05, 2022
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To better understand the causes of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), it is crucial to look at what is happening in the brain during development. The closest we come to observing human brains this early is by using organoids—miniature ...
Apr 05, 2022
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Hydrocephalus in children often has completely different causes than previously assumed. This is the conclusion of an international study. The researchers identified a series of mutations that cause disruption of early brain ...
Apr 05, 2022
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The SARS-CoV-2 virus can infect specialized pacemaker cells that maintain the heart's rhythmic beat, setting off a self-destruction process within the cells, according to a preclinical study co-led by researchers at Weill ...
Apr 01, 2022
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Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a key driver behind malignant cancer progression, are self-renewing, highly metastatic and therapeutically resistant. As cancer progresses, cancer cells display a phenotypic plasticity between the ...
Apr 01, 2022
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Stem cells are cells found in most, if not all, multi-cellular organisms. They are characterized by the ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell division and differentiating into a diverse range of specialized cell types. Research in the stem cell field grew out of findings by Canadian scientists Ernest A. McCulloch and James E. Till in the 1960s. The two broad types of mammalian stem cells are: embryonic stem cells that are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells that are found in adult tissues. In a developing embryo, stem cells can differentiate into all of the specialized embryonic tissues. In adult organisms, stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing specialized cells, but also maintain the normal turnover of regenerative organs, such as blood, skin or intestinal tissues.
Stem cells can now be grown and transformed into specialized cells with characteristics consistent with cells of various tissues such as muscles or nerves through cell culture. Highly plastic adult stem cells from a variety of sources, including umbilical cord blood and bone marrow, are routinely used in medical therapies. Embryonic cell lines and autologous embryonic stem cells generated through therapeutic cloning have also been proposed as promising candidates for future therapies.
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