Growing up in rural or suburban areas improves spatial navigation

The researchers also found that people whose home cities had grid layouts were slightly better at navigating similarly organized street patterns, despite having poorer performance overall, as early childhood environments influence not only navigation ability, but navigation styles as well.

The study, published in Nature, involved nearly 400,000 participants from 38 countries who played the Sea Hero Quest , a citizen science venture designed for , created by Deutsche Telekom in partnership with Alzheimer's Research UK, UCL, UEA and game developers Glitchers.

Lead researcher Professor Hugo Spiers (UCL Psychology & Language Sciences) said: "We found that growing up outside of cities appears to be good for the development of navigational abilities, and this seems to be influenced by the lack of complexity of many street networks in cities.

"In our recent research, we have found that people's spatial navigation skills decline with age, starting in early adulthood. Here, we found that people who grew up in areas with gridded streets can have comparable navigation skills to people five years their senior from , and in some areas the difference was even greater."

This image showing 1000 random trajectories in Chicago (griddy city). Credit: Created by Ed Manley

This image showing 1000 random trajectories in Prague (more entropic city). Credit: Created by Ed Manley

This image (extended data figure 5) showing the street networks of different griddy and entropic cities. Credit: Created by Antoine Coutrot and Ed Manley