Immunology

How the microbiome affects the immune system

The building blocks of life-long health are the subject of a cutting-edge review examining how a newborn's lung microbiome affects the immune system for years to come.

Obstetrics & gynaecology

Four things you need to know about having a cesarean section

If you're pregnant or planning to have a baby soon, you've probably been given lots of advice and information about what you might experience during and after the birth. But less information is often given about what to expect ...

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Caesarean section

A Caesarean section (or Cesarean section in American English), also known as C-section or Caesar, is a surgical procedure in which incisions are made through a mother's abdomen (laparotomy) and uterus (hysterotomy) to deliver one or more babies. It is usually performed when a vaginal delivery would put the baby's or mother's life or health at risk, although in recent times it has been also performed upon request for childbirths that could otherwise have been natural. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that the rate of Caesarean sections should not exceed 15% in any country. In 2006, the last year with available data, the rate of U.S. births by C-section was 31.1%, the highest it has ever been.

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