Improving survival in pancreatic cancer

Improving survival in pancreatic cancer
Kondo and his team found TUG1 overexpression in some pancreatic cancer patients leads to increased release of an enzyme (DPD), which breaks down the chemotherapeutic, 5-FU, into a compound that can't kill cancer cells. Targeting this pathway reduced chemotherapy resistance in mice. Credit: Yutaka Kondo

Nagoya University researchers and colleagues in Japan have uncovered a molecular pathway that enhances chemotherapy resistance in some pancreatic cancer patients. Targeting an RNA to interrupt its activity could improve patient response to therapy and increase their overall survival.

"Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human malignancies, with an overall median survival that is less than five months," says cancer biologist Yutaka Kondo of Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine. "This is partially due to a lack of potent therapeutic strategies against pancreatic cancer, so more effective treatments are urgently needed."

Kondo and his colleagues focused their attention on a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) called taurine upregulating gene 1 (TUG1). lncRNAs are gene regulators, several of which have recently been identified for helping some cancers resist chemotherapy. TUG1 is already known for being overexpressed in gastrointestinal cancers that have poor prognosis and are resistant to chemotherapy.

The researchers found TUG1 was overexpressed in a group of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. These patients were resistant to the standard chemotherapy treatment 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and died much sooner compared to with low TUG1 expression levels.

Further laboratory tests showed TUG1 counteracts a specific microRNA, leading to increased activity of an enzyme, called dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, which breaks down 5-FU into a compound that can't kill .

Kondo and his team found they could suppress TUG1 during 5-FU treatment of mice with pancreatic cancer by using attached to a specially designed cancer-targeting drug delivery system. Antisense oligonucleotides interfere with gene expression.

"Our data provides evidence that our therapeutic approach against could be promising," says Kondo.

The team now plans to conduct further laboratory investigations to test the effectiveness of their therapeutic strategy.

More information: Yoshihiko Tasaki et al. Cancer-Specific Targeting of Taurine-Upregulated Gene 1 Enhances the Effects of Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer, Cancer Research (2021). DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-20-3021

Journal information: Cancer Research
Provided by Nagoya University
Citation: Improving survival in pancreatic cancer (2021, April 21) retrieved 29 March 2024 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-04-survival-pancreatic-cancer.html
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