Genes can indirectly influence the age at which girls have their first period by accelerating weight gain in childhood, a known risk factor for early puberty, a Cambridge-led study has found. Other genes can directly affect ...
Jul 1, 2024
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Researchers have discovered a better way of identifying those at high risk of potential heart attacks and strokes and other major cardiovascular disease (CVD) events.
Jun 14, 2024
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Early detection and treatment of hereditary transthyretin-related amyloidosis via genetic counseling are crucial. Yet, not all at-risk individuals seek genetic counseling, and management for presymptomatic carriers remains ...
Jun 13, 2024
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Even before we are born and begin experiencing the sensations of daily life—a soft shirt on our arms, for example, or a hard tabletop under our fingertips—humans begin to form the senses needed to survive.
Jun 12, 2024
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In clinical practice, traditional tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging has difficulty achieving accuracy in prognosis stratification at the individual patient level. In a study published in the journal Science Bulletin, researchers ...
Jul 5, 2024
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Early genetic checks being developed by researchers with EU and industry funding will accelerate treatments for illnesses that affect millions of people in Europe.
Jun 27, 2024
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A DNA sequence or genetic sequence is a succession of letters representing the primary structure of a real or hypothetical DNA molecule or strand, with the capacity to carry information as described by the central dogma of molecular biology.
The possible letters are A, C, G, and T, representing the four nucleotide bases of a DNA strand — adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine — covalently linked to a phosphodiester backbone. In the typical case, the sequences are printed abutting one another without gaps, as in the sequence AAAGTCTGAC, read left to right in the 5' to 3' direction. Short sequences of nucleotides are referred to as oligonucleotides and are used in a range of laboratory applications in molecular biology. With regard to biological function, a DNA sequence may be considered sense or antisense, and either coding or noncoding. DNA sequences can also contain "junk DNA."
Sequences can be derived from the biological raw material through a process called DNA sequencing.
In some special cases, letters besides A, T, C, and G are present in a sequence. These letters represent ambiguity. Of all the molecules sampled, there is more than one kind of nucleotide at that position. The rules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) are as follows:
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