Cortisol might play role in tough-to-treat diabetes
The stress hormone cortisol appears to play a role in tough-to-treat type 2 diabetes, a new study finds.
Jun 26, 2024
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The stress hormone cortisol appears to play a role in tough-to-treat type 2 diabetes, a new study finds.
Jun 26, 2024
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The warm summer weather can make adults feel like kids again. The Weekend Warrior comes roaring out, and the excitement and bursts of exertion can lead to a very common injury among that group: Achilles tendinitis.
Jun 26, 2024
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High blood pressure, the leading risk factor for death worldwide, is present in one in every two adults. Only one-quarter of individuals with hypertension have their blood pressure under control, highlighting the need for ...
Jun 26, 2024
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Flint, Michigan, made headlines in 2015 when tests revealed dangerously high lead levels in its drinking water. The city had switched its water supply to the Flint River a year earlier, and corrosive water had damaged aging ...
Jun 25, 2024
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As one of the leading causes of death in the U.S., kidney disease is a serious public health problem. The disease is particularly severe among Black Americans, who are three times more likely than white Americans to develop ...
Jun 25, 2024
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The use of the active ingredient 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as "ecstasy," to support psychotherapy for mental illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorder is being discussed worldwide.
Jun 25, 2024
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Independent living is important for seniors, but a new study shows it might not be the best thing for their health.
Jun 24, 2024
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Scientists at the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute in Australia have produced a first of its kind integrated map of heart cells which unlocks the process of cardiac fibrosis—a major cause of heart failure.
Jun 21, 2024
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It is estimated that over 1 billion people in the world are affected by metabolic syndrome–which includes conditions such as insulin resistance, obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol, among others.
Jun 21, 2024
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It's only the first day of summer and record high temperatures are already being reported across much of the U.S. That's prompted the American Heart Association, celebrating a century of lifesaving service as the world's ...
Jun 21, 2024
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High pressure science and engineering is studying the effects of high pressure on materials and the design and construction of devices, such as a diamond anvil cell, which can create high pressure. By high pressure it is usually meant pressures of thousands (kilobars) or millions (megabars) of times atmospheric pressure (about 1 bar).
It was by applying high pressure as well as high temperature to carbon that man-made diamonds were first produced as well as many other interesting discoveries. Almost any material when subjected to high pressure will compact itself into a denser form, for example, quartz, also called silica or silicon dioxide will first adopt a denser form known as coesite, then upon application of more temperature, form stishovite. These two forms of silica were first discovered by high pressure experimenters, but then found in nature at the site of a meteor impact.
Chemical bonding is likely to change under high pressure, when the P*V term in the free energy becomes comparable to the energies of typical chemical bonds - i.e. at around 100 GPa. Among the most striking changes are metallization of oxygen at 96 GPa (rendering oxygen a superconductor), and transition of sodium from a nearly-free-electron metal to a transparent insulator at ~200 GPa. At ultimately high compression, however, all materials will metallize.[citation needed]
High pressure experimentation has led to the discovery of the types of minerals which are believed to exist in the deep mantle of the Earth, such as perovskite which is thought to make up half of the Earth's bulk, and post-perovskite, which occurs at the core-mantle boundary and explains many anomalies inferred for that region.[citation needed]
Pressure "landmarks": pressure exerted by a fingernail scratching is ~0.6 GPa, typical pressures reached by large-volume presses are up to 30-40 GPa, pressures that can be generated inside diamond anvil cells are ~320 GPa, pressure in the center of the Earth is 364 GPa, highest pressures ever achieved in a shock waves are over 100,000 GPa.[citation needed]
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