Prediabetes is a condition that precedes type 2 diabetes and increases the risk of heart attack, kidney and eye disease, and several types of cancer. There is no approved drug therapy for prediabetes. Scientists at the German ...
Sep 26, 2023
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In the Phase 3a ONWARDS 5 randomized trial, once-weekly insulin icodec titrated with a dosing guide app demonstrated superior reduction in HbA1c levels and similarly low hypoglycemia rates compared with once-daily insulin. ...
Sep 25, 2023
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The sensitivity of the brain to insulin may be modulated by menstrual cycle phase, a paper published in Nature Metabolism suggests. The findings are based on a randomized clinical trial involving 11 women.
Sep 24, 2023
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A combined team of diabetes specialists from Eberhard Karls University Tübingen and Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, both in Germany, has found evidence that suggests brain sensitivity to insulin may be modulated by ...
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia (high glucose in blood) that leads to hypoxia (low oxygen condition) in pancreatic β-cells.
Sep 20, 2023
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects around 8% to 13% of women during their reproductive years. Symptoms include irregular menstrual cycles, acne, excessive facial hair growth, voice changes, ovarian cysts and challenges ...
Sep 19, 2023
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Fatty liver disease is a condition characterized by a build-up of fat in the liver and is the most common chronic liver disease that affects over one billion people. Over time, this can lead to complications including cirrhosis, ...
Sep 18, 2023
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Islet transplantation significantly reduces the risk of transplantation failure and enhances life expectancy in individuals with type 1 diabetes who undergo kidney transplantation, a new study has revealed.
Sep 16, 2023
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Researchers have produced a comprehensive picture of insulin signaling in mice and suggest that it is shaped by entangled effects of genetics and diet.
Sep 12, 2023
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The sequencing of the human genome promised a revolution in medicine, but scientists soon realized that a genetic blueprint alone does not show the body in action. That required understanding the proteome—all the proteins, ...
Sep 11, 2023
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More reference expression data
Insulin is a hormone that has extensive effects on metabolism and other body functions, such as vascular compliance. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle, and stopping use of fat as an energy source. When insulin is absent (or low), glucose is not taken up by body cells, and the body begins to use fat as an energy source, for example, by transfer of lipids from adipose tissue to the liver for mobilization as an energy source. As its level is a central metabolic control mechanism, its status is also used as a control signal to other body systems (such as amino acid uptake by body cells). It has several other anabolic effects throughout the body. When control of insulin levels fails, diabetes mellitus results.
Insulin is used medically to treat some forms of diabetes mellitus. Patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus depend on external insulin (most commonly injected subcutaneously) for their survival because the hormone is no longer produced internally. Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus are insulin resistant, and because of such resistance, may suffer from a relative insulin deficiency. Some patients with Type 2 diabetes may eventually require insulin when other medications fail to control blood glucose levels adequately.
Insulin is a peptide hormone composed of 51 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 5808 Da. It is produced in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. The name comes from the Latin insula for "island".
Insulin's structure varies slightly between species of animal. Insulin from animal sources differs somewhat in 'strength' (in carbohydrate metabolism control effects) in humans because of those variations. Porcine (pig) insulin is especially close to the human version.
This text uses material from Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY-SA
