Genetics

Language-related gene responsible for branching of neurons

(Medical Xpress) -- Which genetic mutations enabled the evolution of language? The foxp2 gene plays an important role in language development. Simon E. Fisher at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen, ...

Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes

Neurotoxin helps at work for those with rare voice disorder

Spasmodic dysphonia is a rare neuromuscular condition that makes people's voices sound strangled and hoarse. For years doctors have used injections of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT, clinically, and Botox, familiarly) to quell ...

Neuroscience

Discovery to alter the path of bionic voice research worldwide

300,000 people world-wide have had their larynx surgically removed as a result of cancer treatment, and the number is increasing by 10,000 every year. For these people, natural, human-sounding speech is no longer possible.

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Larynx

The larynx (plural larynges), commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the neck of amphibians, reptiles (incl. birds) and mammals[citation needed] (including humans) involved in breathing, sound production, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. It manipulates pitch and volume. The larynx houses the vocal folds (commonly but improperly termed the "vocal cords"), which are essential for phonation. The vocal folds are situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the esophagus.

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