Early exposure to antibiotics can trigger long term susceptibility to asthma, according to new research from Monash University. Importantly, the research team isolated a molecule produced by gut bacteria that in the future ...
Jul 15, 2024
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Liquid-liquid phase separation is not a precursor to formation of amyloid fibrils, a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease, shows a recent study. Rather, the formation of protein into liquid droplets may help to dissolve ...
Jul 15, 2024
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The primary goal in cancer drug research is not merely to discover compounds that can destroy cancer cells, but to develop methods that specifically target and deliver these agents to cancer cells, sparing healthy ones.
Jul 12, 2024
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Some people lose weight slower than others after workouts, and a Kobe University research team found a reason. They studied what happens to mice that cannot produce signal molecules that respond specifically to short-term ...
Jul 11, 2024
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In a new study, Yale researchers identified a molecule that binds to a disease-associated macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene variant. The discovery, they say, could lead to the development of a new generation ...
Jul 11, 2024
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A study led by the Hospital del Mar Research Institute, with Cima University of Navarra and Pompeu Fabra University, has identified a group of small molecules exclusive to liver tumors that could be key to developing cancer ...
Jul 10, 2024
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In chronic hepatitis B, the liver contains immune cells that could destroy hepatitis B virus infected cells but are inactive. A team from the Technical University of Munich (TUM) has discovered that cells in blood vessels ...
Jul 10, 2024
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Vaccines provide a front-line defense against dangerous viruses, training adaptive immune cells to identify and fight specific pathogens.
Jul 8, 2024
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Angelman syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the maternally-inherited UBE3A gene and characterized by poor muscle control, limited speech, epilepsy, and intellectual disabilities. Though there isn't ...
Jul 8, 2024
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Many vaccines are only partially effective, have waning efficacy, or do not work well in the very young or the very old. For more than a decade, Ofer Levy, MD, Ph.D., and David Dowling, Ph.D., in the Precision Vaccines Program ...
Jul 3, 2024
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A molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable, electrically neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by very strong (covalent) chemical bonds. Molecules are distinguished from polyatomic ions in this strict sense. In organic chemistry and biochemistry, the term molecule is used less strictly and also is applied to charged organic molecules and biomolecules.
In the kinetic theory of gases the term molecule is often used for any gaseous particle regardless of its composition. According to this definition noble gas atoms are considered molecules despite the fact that they are composed of a single non-bonded atom.
A molecule may consist of atoms of a single chemical element, as with oxygen (O2), or of different elements, as with water (H2O). Atoms and complexes connected by non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen bonds or ionic bonds are generally not considered single molecules.
No typical molecule can be defined for ionic crystals (salts) and covalent crystals (network solids), although these are often composed of repeating unit cells that extend either in a plane (such as in graphene) or three-dimensionally (such as in diamond or sodium chloride). The theme of repeated unit-cellular-structure also holds for most condensed phases with metallic bonding. In glasses (solids that exist in a vitreous disordered state), atoms may also be held together by chemical bonds without any definable molecule, but also without any of the regularity of repeating units that characterises crystals.
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