Physical punishment of children potentially harmful to their long-term development

February 6, 2012 in Health

An analysis of research on physical punishment of children over the past 20 years indicates that such punishment is potentially harmful to their long-term development, states an article in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).

Over the past 20 years, a growing body of research clearly indicates that children who have experienced physical punishment tend to be more aggressive toward parents, siblings, peers and, later, spouses, and are more likely to develop .

"Virtually without exception, these studies found that physical punishment was associated with higher levels of aggression against parents, siblings, peers and spouses," write Dr. Joan Durrant, Department of Family Social Sciences, University of Manitoba, and Ron Ensom, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario.

In a trial of an intervention designed to reduce difficult behaviour in children, when parents in more than 500 families were trained to reduce their use of physical punishment, the difficult behaviours in the children also declined.

"Results consistently suggest that physical punishment has a direct causal effect on externalizing behaviour, whether through a reflexive response to pain, modeling or coercive family processes," write the authors.

Physical punishment is also associated with a variety of , such as depression, anxiety and use of drugs and alcohol. Physical punishment may change areas in the brain linked to performance on and increase vulnerability to drug or , as recent neuroimaging studies suggest. Attitudes toward the use of physical punishment have changed, and many countries have shifted focus to positive discipline of children and have legally abolished physical punishment.

Physicians can play an important role in advising parents on constructive approaches to discipline, based on evidence, to enhance children's healthy development.

"Physicians have a primary responsibility for translating research and evidence into guidance for parents and children, and they are credible and influential voices for advancing public education and policy concerning population health," state the authors. They can educate parents on typical childhood behaviours, suggest positive disciplinary approaches, and refer patients to public health and parenting programs and other resources.

More information: http://www.cmaj.ca … /cmaj.101314

Journal reference: Canadian Medical Association Journal search and more info website

Provided by Canadian Medical Association Journal search and more info website

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tadchem
Feb 06, 2012

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A deficiency of punishment is demonstrably detrimental to long-term development.
B.F. Skinner had it right - both reward and punishment are needed to achieve a balanced approach to behavioral conditioning. The reward is to encourage desired behavior and the punishment is to discourage undesirable behavior. The difficult part is insuring they are both applied consistently according to easily understood rules.
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