Researchers develop deep learning model to predict adverse drug-drug interactions

Researchers at the GIST develop deep learning model to predict adverse drug-drug interactions
Researchers at the GIST Develop Deep Learning Model to Predict Adverse Drug-Drug Interactions. Using gene expression data, the new model can predict how some drug-drug interactions can lead to adverse effects in the human body. Credit: Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)

Prescriptions for multiple drugs, or polypharmacy, is often recommended for the treatment of complex diseases. However, upon ingestion, multiple drugs may interact in an undesirable manner, resulting in severe adverse effects or decreased clinical efficacy. Early detection of such drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is therefore essential to prevent patients from experiencing adverse effects.

Currently, computational models and -based algorithms examine prior records of known and identify the structures and side effects they are associated with. These approaches assume that similar drugs have similar interactions and identify drug combinations associated with similar adverse effects.

Although understanding the mechanisms of DDIs at a molecular level is essential to predict their undesirable effects, rely on structures and properties of drugs, with predictive range limited to previously observed interactions. They do not consider the effect of DDIs on genes and cell functionality.

To address these limitations, Associate Professor Hojung Nam and Ph.D. candidate Eunyoung Kim from the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology in South Korea developed a -based model to predict DDIs based on drug-induced signatures. These findings were published in the Journal of Cheminformatics on March 4, 2022.

The DeSIDE-DDI model consists of two parts: a feature generation model and a DDI prediction model. The feature generation model predicts a drug's effect on gene expression by considering both the structure and properties of the drug while the DDI prediction model predicts various side effects resulting from drug combinations.

To explain the key features of this model, Prof. Nam explains, "our model considers the effects of drugs on genes by utilizing gene expression data, providing an explanation for why a certain pair of drugs cause DDIs. It can predict DDIs for currently approved drugs as well as for novel compounds. This way, the threats of can be resolved before new drugs are made available to the public."

What's more, since all compounds do not have drug-treated gene expression signatures, this model uses a pre-trained compound generation model to generate expected drug-treated gene expressions.

Discussing its real-life applications, Prof. Nam remarks that "this model can discern potentially dangerous drug pairs, acting as a drug safety monitoring system. It can help researchers define the correct usage of the drug in the development phase."

More information: Eunyoung Kim et al, DeSIDE-DDI: interpretable prediction of drug-drug interactions using drug-induced gene expressions, Journal of Cheminformatics (2022). DOI: 10.1186/s13321-022-00589-5

Provided by GIST (Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology)
Citation: Researchers develop deep learning model to predict adverse drug-drug interactions (2022, May 4) retrieved 18 June 2024 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-05-deep-adverse-drug-drug-interactions.html
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