Immunology

Gut immune cells play by their own rules

Only a few vaccines—for example, against polio and rotavirus—can be given orally. Most must be delivered by injection. Weizmann Institute of Science researchers suggest this may be, in part, because the training program ...

Immunology

How the immune system deals with the gut's plethora of microbes

The gut is an unusually noisy place, where hundreds of species of bacteria live alongside whatever microbes happen to have hitched a ride in on your lunch. Scientists have long suspected that the gut's immune system, in the ...

Medical research

Intestinal cell defense mechanism against bacteria

Salmonella is widely prevalent in the animal kingdom. The reason we do not suffer from severe intestinal infections very often is due to our body's defence system, which manages to digest invading bacteria. This is why, generally ...

Medical research

New study explains important cause of fatal influenza

It is largely unknown why influenza infections lead to an increased risk of bacterial pneumonia. Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have now described important findings leading to so-called superinfections, which claim ...

Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes

How tuberculosis bacteria hide in the body

Tuberculosis bacteria hide in the very cells that would normally kill them. Now we know more about how they evade recognition. Tuberculosis affects millions of people worldwide. Treatment is often prolonged, from six months ...

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