Could oxidative stress, a condition known to cause inflammation and cellular breakdown, impact the trajectory of Down syndrome cell development?
Jul 19, 2022
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Pogo transposable element derived with ZNF domain (POGZ) is a transcription factor broadly expressed during mouse embryonic development. A high expression level of POGZ in the cortex indicates its important role during brain ...
Jun 24, 2022
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A new study by the Neuronal Dynamics Research Group at Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona (UPF) has elucidated the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the balance between the differentiation of neurons and ...
Jun 22, 2022
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As we age, so do our eyes; most commonly, this involves changes to our vision and new glasses, but there are more severe forms of age-related eye problems. One of these is age-related macular degeneration, which affects the ...
Jun 14, 2022
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A new study led by a researcher in the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo has important implications for developing future treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive ...
Jun 10, 2022
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After decades of research into the causes and treatment of Parkinson's disease, UC Irvine Health neurologist Dr. Claire Henchcliffe is hopeful that a new cell therapy can finally bring meaningful relief to patients with the ...
May 06, 2022
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Inside embryonic cells, specific proteins control the rate at which genetic information is transcribed from DNA to messenger RNA—a crucial regulatory step before proteins are created. Then, organs develop and hopefully ...
Apr 27, 2022
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The pancreas is a key metabolic regulator. When pancreatic beta cells cease producing enough insulin, blood sugar levels rise dangerously—a phenomenon known as hyperglycemia—thus triggering diabetes. After discovering ...
Apr 19, 2022
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The SARS-CoV-2 virus can infect specialized pacemaker cells that maintain the heart's rhythmic beat, setting off a self-destruction process within the cells, according to a preclinical study co-led by researchers at Weill ...
Apr 01, 2022
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Embryonic stem cells and other pluripotent cells divide rapidly and have the capacity to become nearly any cell type in the body. Scientists have long sought to understand the signals that prompt stem cells to switch off ...
Feb 21, 2022
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Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of an early stage embryo known as a blastocyst. Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4–5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50–150 cells.
Embryonic Stem (ES) cells are pluripotent. This means they are able to differentiate into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. These include each of the more than 220 cell types in the adult body. Pluripotency distinguishes ES cells from multipotent progenitor cells found in the adult; these only form a limited number of cell types. When given no stimuli for differentiation, (i.e. when grown in vitro), ES cells maintain pluripotency through multiple cell divisions. The presence of pluripotent adult stem cells remains a subject of scientific debate; however, research has demonstrated that pluripotent stem cells can be directly generated from adult fibroblast cultures.
Because of their plasticity and potentially unlimited capacity for self-renewal, ES cell therapies have been proposed for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury or disease. However Diseases treated by these non-embryonic stem cells include a number of blood and immune-system related genetic diseases, cancers, and disorders; juvenile diabetes; Parkinson's; blindness and spinal cord injuries. Besides the ethical concerns of stem cell therapy (see stem cell controversy), there is a technical problem of graft-versus-host disease associated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation. However, these problems associated with histocompatibility may be solved using autologous donor adult stem cells or via therapeutic cloning.
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