Patient-driven discovery reveals potential target for autoimmune diseases
A medical mystery served as the genesis for a Yale-led study that has promising implications for treating a range of autoimmune diseases.
16 hours ago
0
12
A medical mystery served as the genesis for a Yale-led study that has promising implications for treating a range of autoimmune diseases.
16 hours ago
0
12
A study led by researchers at Brighton and Sussex Medical School (BSMS) has unveiled an approach to predicting the effectiveness of treatments for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a common form of blood ...
Jul 15, 2024
0
8
While this concept may have been the norm hundreds of years ago, many present-day societies are overfed and undernourished, leading to floods of health issues in many populations. Getting back to the basics might be a large ...
Jul 15, 2024
0
5
Research led by the Cancer Biology Laboratory of the Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS) at Pompeu Fabra University, in collaboration with the Center for Genomic Regulation and the Murcian Institute of Biosanitary ...
Jul 8, 2024
0
4
Researchers led by Yasuhiro Murakawa at the RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS) and Kyoto University in Japan and IFOM ETS in Italy have discovered several rare types of helper T cells that are associated ...
Jul 4, 2024
0
34
Using artificial intelligence, Garvan Institute researchers have found potential cancer drivers hidden in so-called 'junk' regions of DNA, opening up possibilities for a new approach to diagnosis and treatment.
Jul 3, 2024
0
59
A study published in Nature Communications presents the promising results of RecombinHunt, a new data-driven method developed by the Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering of the Politecnico di Milano and ...
Jul 2, 2024
0
0
Whole genome sequencing has improved clinical care of some children with cancer in England by informing individual patient care.
Jul 2, 2024
0
2
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is associated with an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation, according to a study published online June 2 in Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.
Jul 2, 2024
0
0
Peter Mac clinicians have described how a young patient with a rare, aggressive and only recently described form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has responded to genomically-guided targeted therapy.
Jun 27, 2024
0
9
In classical genetics, the genome of a diploid organism including eukarya refers to a full set of chromosomes or genes in a gamete; thereby, a regular somatic cell contains two full sets of genomes. In haploid organisms, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and mitochondria, a cell contains only a single set of the genome, usually in a single circular or contiguous linear DNA (or RNA for retroviruses). In modern molecular biology the genome of an organism is its hereditary information encoded in DNA (or, for retroviruses, RNA).
The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA. The term was adapted in 1920 by Hans Winkler, Professor of Botany at the University of Hamburg, Germany. The Oxford English Dictionary suggests the name to be a portmanteau of the words gene and chromosome; however, many related -ome words already existed, such as biome and rhizome, forming a vocabulary into which genome fits systematically.
More precisely, the genome of an organism is a complete genetic sequence on one set of chromosomes; for example, one of the two sets that a diploid individual carries in every somatic cell. The term genome can be applied specifically to mean that stored on a complete set of nuclear DNA (i.e., the "nuclear genome") but can also be applied to that stored within organelles that contain their own DNA, as with the mitochondrial genome or the chloroplast genome. Additionally, the genome can comprise nonchromosomal genetic elements such as viruses, plasmids, and transposable elements. When people say that the genome of a sexually reproducing species has been "sequenced", typically they are referring to a determination of the sequences of one set of autosomes and one of each type of sex chromosome, which together represent both of the possible sexes. Even in species that exist in only one sex, what is described as "a genome sequence" may be a composite read from the chromosomes of various individuals. In general use, the phrase "genetic makeup" is sometimes used conversationally to mean the genome of a particular individual or organism. The study of the global properties of genomes of related organisms is usually referred to as genomics, which distinguishes it from genetics which generally studies the properties of single genes or groups of genes.
Both the number of base pairs and the number of genes vary widely from one species to another, and there is little connection between the two (an observation known as the C-value paradox). At present, the highest known number of genes is around 60,000, for the protozoan causing trichomoniasis (see List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes), almost three times as many as in the human genome.
An analogy to the human genome stored on DNA is that of instructions stored in a book:
This text uses material from Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY-SA