For people with paralysis or amputation, neuroprosthetic systems that artificially stimulate muscle contraction with electrical current can help them regain limb function. However, despite many years of research, this type ...
10 hours ago
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A collaborative study between the University of Helsinki, Natural Resources Institute Finland and Tampere University demonstrated that a one-month indoor gardening period increased the bacterial diversity of the skin and ...
12 hours ago
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New research has discovered an important breakthrough that may overcome cancer treatment resistance. The immune system has a naturally occurring 'brake' that tells the body to silence key killer immune cells called CD8+ T-cells ...
13 hours ago
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When medical devices such as pacemakers are implanted in the body, they usually provoke an immune response that leads to buildup of scar tissue around the implant. This scarring, known as fibrosis, can interfere with the ...
13 hours ago
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A team of infectious and inflammatory disease specialists affiliated with several institutions in France reports that women are more susceptible to autoimmune diseases, such as lupus, due to failed X-chromosome inactivation.
No parent wants to risk their child having a serious infection, least of all while still in the womb. However, the immune response to a viral infection during pregnancy could also affect the development of the unborn offspring.
14 hours ago
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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), widely employed anticancer agents, have been found to impact bone turnover, potentially conferring a protective effect on bone through the promotion of osteogenesis. These surprising findings ...
12 hours ago
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Life expectancy of youth with HIV is projected to be 10.4 years less in males and 11.8 years less in females compared to individuals without HIV, a study by researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), a founding ...
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With so many high-profile people diagnosed with cancer we are confronted with the stark reality the disease can strike any of us at any time. There are also reports certain cancers are increasing among younger people in their ...
11 hours ago
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A novel therapy that reprograms immune cells to promote antitumor activity helped shrink hard-to-treat prostate and bladder cancers in mice, according to research from the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center and its Bloomberg~Kimmel ...
May 21, 2024
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Immunity is a biological term that describes a state of having sufficient biological defenses to avoid infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion. Immunity involves both specific and non-specific components. The non-specific components act either as barriers or as eliminators of wide range of pathogens irrespective of antigenic specificity. Other components of the immune system adapt themselves to each new disease encountered and are able to generate pathogen-specific immunity.
Adaptive immunity is often sub-divided into two major types depending on how the immunity was introduced. Naturally acquired immunity occurs through contact with a disease causing agent, when the contact was not deliberate, whereas artificially acquired immunity develops only through deliberate actions such as vaccination. Both naturally and artificially acquired immunity can be further subdivided depending on whether immunity is induced in the host or passively transferred from a immune host. Passive immunity is acquired through transfer of antibodies or activated T-cells from an immune host, and is short lived, usually lasts only a few months, whereas active immunity is induced in the host itself by antigen, and lasts much longer, sometimes life-long. The diagram below summarizes these divisions of immunity.
This text uses material from Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY-SA
