Novel drug may stop eye disease

Members of the research team, led by Professor Keryn Williams of Flinders Centre for Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research, believe they can stop or even reverse the progression of disease by blocking a particular protein which is responsible for the growth of unwanted blood vessels in the eye.

The protein, known as vascular endothelial growth factor-B (VEGF-B), keeps blood vessels healthy and alive throughout the body. However, abnormal blood vessels sometimes grow in the eye, where they interfere with vision.

Now, the researchers have engineered a special antibody which latches on to the growth factor, essentially starving the blood vessels.

"The cornea, the transparent window at the front of the eye, isn't supposed to contain any blood vessels but through infection, inflammation or injury you can get blood vessels growing in this area," Flinders PhD student Mr Yazad Irani, who developed the novel drug, said.

"The blood vessels basically form a great big net over the transparent window of the cornea, so light can't pass through, which in turn obscures the vision," he said.

"But because the growth factor is keeping them alive, we think that if we take it away, then the blood vessels will go away too."

Mr Irani said the drug could be used as an eye drop or topical cream, although it could also be administered by injection to stop unwanted blood vessels growing in the back of the eye.

"It's like a trap – the drug binds to VEGF-B like a lock and key and prevents it from working.

"In doing this we hope the unwanted blood vessels will die because the food they need to survive, the growth factor, is gone."

The team, which includes Melbourne researchers Andrew Nash and Pierre Scotney, will begin animal tests as early as January, with the results of the study expected within three years.

Professor Williams, the project's chief investigator, said preliminary tests showed the breakthrough drug affected both human and animal blood vessels, meaning it could easily be translated into a new therapy for human eye disease.

"Corneal neovascularization can happen after an accident or infection, and while you can take antibiotics to treat the infection it doesn't necessarily stop the blood vessels from growing and then you're left with a much bigger problem," Professor Williams said.

"The blood vessels which grow in the back of the eye are one of the most common causes of blindness in Australia, as well as the developing world, so anything that's going to help people see better matters to us."

Provided by Flinders University