Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Scientists make insulin-producing cells self-replicate
(Medical Xpress)—Scientists have discovered a hormone that causes the body's insulin-producing factories, beta cells, to churn out more of themselves. Having enough insulin is critical to regulating the amount of sugar ...
Medical research
Apr 29, 2013 |
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Finding a new way to manage infections
(Medical Xpress)—Waging an immunological war against a pathogen is not the body's only way to survive an infection. Sometimes tolerance, or learning to live with an invader, can be just as important. In tolerance the body ...
Immunology
Apr 29, 2013 |
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Scientists find mechanism that triggers immune responses to DNA
(Medical Xpress)—Free-floating pieces of DNA in a cell's watery interior can mean bad things: invading viruses, bacteria, or parasites, ruptured cellular membranes, or disease. Genetic material is meant to be contained ...
Medical research
Dec 21, 2012 |
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Exercise triggers beneficial cellular recycling: study
Everyone knows exercise is good for you. We’re told time spent on the treadmill can reduce our risk of diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. But exactly how exercise provides this protection ...
Medical research
Jan 18, 2012 |
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A study in adaptability: Why do we change our beliefs?
(Medical Xpress)—The human brain likes to make predictions about how the world works. Imagine, for example, that you move to a new town. At first, you don't know where to go for dinner. But after weeks of trying different ...
Neuroscience
Oct 09, 2012 |
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Epigenetic culprit in Alzheimer's memory decline
In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, memory problems stem from an overactive enzyme that shuts off genes related to neuron communication, a new study says.
Medical research
Feb 29, 2012 |
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Positive feedback in the developing brain
(Medical Xpress) -- When an animal is born, its early experiences help map out the still-forming connections in its brain. As neurons in sensory areas of the brain fire in response to sights, smells, and sounds, ...
Neuroscience
May 16, 2012 |
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TB vaccine candidate shows early promise in mice
A potential vaccine against tuberculosis has been found to completely eliminate tuberculosis bacteria from infected tissues in some mice. The vaccine was created with a strain of bacteria that, due to the absence of a few ...
Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes
Sep 04, 2011 |
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Brain bank yields new clues to brain development
(Medical Xpress) -- The creation of brain cells doesn’t end at birth, but it has been hard to pin down how long the brain continues to create new, specialized cells. Now a study led by Howard Hughes Medical Institute ...
Neuroscience
Sep 29, 2011 |
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Kidney disease linked to defects in cells' ability to repair damaged DNA
(Medical Xpress) -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Friedhelm Hildebrandt has discovered that genetic mutations that impair cells’ ability to repair damaged DNA can cause chronic kidney disease.
Genetics
Aug 07, 2012 |
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Century-long protein hunt ends with chance discovery on bone biology
(Medical Xpress) -- In 1883, Swedish chemist Olof Hammarsten discovered that milk proteins called caseins contain not just the known building blocks of proteins, but also the chemical phosphate. It was the first hint that ...
Medical research
May 10, 2012 |
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Researchers identify key brain cell in antidepressant action
(Medical Xpress) -- Antidepressant medications such as Prozac have helped improve mood and lessen anxiety in millions of people with major depression. But scientists know surprisingly little about how these drugs work.
Medical research
May 25, 2012 |
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Genetic controller prepares immune system for diverse threats
An army of immune cells circulates the human body to protect against its potential foes—viruses, bacteria, cancer cells, and other invaders. Because the immune system cannot know what to expect, it must be prepared to ...
Genetics
Sep 11, 2011 |
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Scientists reverse sickle cell anemia by turning on fetal hemoglobin
Not long after birth, human babies transition from producing blood containing oxygen-rich fetal hemoglobin to blood bearing the adult hemoglobin protein. For children with sickle cell disease, the transition from the fetal ...
Medical research
Oct 13, 2011 |
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How does the brain know what the tongue knows?
Each taste, from sweet to salty, is sensed by a unique set of neurons in the brains of mice, new research reveals. The findings demonstrate that neurons that respond to specific tastes are arranged discretely in what the ...
Neuroscience
Sep 01, 2011 |
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