Sesaminol prevents Parkinson's disease by activating a signaling pathway

Researchers report that the chemical sesaminol, naturally occurring in sesame seeds, protects against Parkinson's disease by preventing neuronal damage that decreases the production of dopamine. In vitro experiments show sesaminol handles oxidative stress in cells by regulating the production of reactive oxygen species and the movement of antioxidants. In vivo experiments reveal that dietary intake of sesaminol increases production of dopamine and significantly improves motor function in mice.

Sesame seed oil, used by many for its nutty aroma and high burn point, is made by extracting the fatty oils from sesame seeds, with the empty shells thrown out as waste. In a literal instantiation of the age-old adage "one man's trash is another man's treasure," researchers discovered that a chemical called sesaminol, abundant in this waste, has protective effects against Parkinson's disease.

"Currently, there is no preventive medicine for Parkinson's disease," states OCU Associate Professor Akiko Kojima-Yuasa, "We only have coping treatments." Associate Professor Kojima-Yuasa led her research group through a series of experiments to understand the effects of sesaminol on in vitro and in vivo Parkinson's disease models.

Parkinson's disease is caused when certain neurons in the brain involved with movement break down or die due in part to a situation called oxidative stress—neurons in the brain come under extreme pressure from an imbalance between antioxidants and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In cell-based in vitro experiments, the team found that sesaminol protected against neuronal damage by promoting the translocation of Nrf2, a protein involved in the response to oxidative stress, and by reducing the production of intracellular ROS.

In vivo experiments brought Associate Professor Kojima-Yuasa's team equally promising results. The impairment of movement due to Parkinson's disease is the result of damaged neurons producing less dopamine than is required. The team showed that mice with Parkinson's disease models show this lack of dopamine production. However, after feeding the mice a diet containing sesaminol for 36 days, the research team saw an increase in dopamine levels. Alongside this, a rotarod performance test revealed a significant increase in motor performance and intestinal motor function.

With the first-ever medicine for Parkinson's disease potentially being the naturally occurring food ingredient sesaminol, naturally occurring waste of the sesame seed industry, Associate Professor Kojima-Yuasa and her team are ready to take their work to the clinical trial phase and connect the consumption/production chain in a way that, as she puts it, "prevents diseases with natural foods to greatly promote societal health."