Researchers create heart cells from stem cells using 3-D printing

SUTD researchers create heart cells from stem cells using 3D printing
Artificial embryoid bodies with different characteristics which were made using 3D printing. Credit: SUTD

All humans start out from a single cell which then divides to eventually form the embryo. Depending on the signals sent by their adjacent cells, these divided cells are then developed or differentiated into specific tissues or organs.

In , controlling that differentiation in the lab is crucial as could be differentiated to allow for the growing of organs in vitro and replace damaged adult cells, particularly those with very limited abilities to replicate, such as the brain or heart.

One common approach scientists adopt when differentiating stem cells is by using chemical stimulators. While this method is very efficient to make one single type of cells, it lacks the ability to reproduce the complexity of living organisms, where several coexist and collaborate to form an organ.

Alternatively, inspired by the natural process of cell development, another method involves the packing of stem cells into small cellular aggregates, or spheres called embryoid bodies. Similar to real embryos, the cell-cell interaction in embryoid bodies is the main driver of differentiation. From the production of these embryoid bodies, it was found that parameters such as cell numbers, size, and sphericity of the embryoid body influenced the types of cells that are produced.

However, since scientists have not been able to control those parameters, they have had to laboriously produce large numbers of embryoid bodies and select specific ones with suitable characteristics to be studied.

To address this challenge, researchers from the Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) turned to to control stem cell differentiation in embryoid bodies. Their research study was published in Bioprinting.

Adopting a by combining the research domains of 3-D manufacturing and life sciences, Ph.D. student Rupambika Das and Assistant Professor Javier G. Fernandez 3-D printed several micro-scaled physical devices with finely tuned geometries. They used the devices to demonstrate unprecedented precision in the directed differentiation of stem cells through the formation of (refer to image). In their study, they successfully regulated the parameters for enhancing the production of cardiomyocytes, cells which are found in the heart.

"The field of additive manufacturing is evolving at an unrivaled pace. We are seeing levels of precision, speed and cost that were inconceivable just a few years ago. What we have demonstrated is that 3-D printing has now reached the point of geometrical accuracy where it is able to control the outcome of stem cell differentiation. And in doing so, we are propelling regenerative medicine to further advance alongside the accelerated rate of the additive manufacturing industry," said principal investigator Assistant Professor Javier G. Fernandez from SUTD.

"The use of 3-D printing in biology has been strongly focused on the printing of artificial tissues using cell laden cells, to build artificial organs 'piece by piece'. Now, we have demonstrated that 3-D printing has the potential for it to be used in a bio-inspired approach in which we can control to grow in a lab just as they grow in vivo," added first author Rupambika Das, Ph.D. student from SUTD.

More information: Rupambika Das et al, Additive manufacturing enables production of de novo cardiomyocytes by controlling embryoid body aggregation, Bioprinting (2020). DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2020.e00091

Citation: Researchers create heart cells from stem cells using 3-D printing (2020, August 11) retrieved 19 March 2024 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-08-heart-cells-stem-d.html
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