Electronic implant reactivates spinal-cord nerves of a patient with neurodegenerative disease

A patient suffering from a debilitating neurodegenerative disease was able to get up and walk again after being bedridden for over a year, thanks to an innovative system developed by a team of scientists at the NeuroRestore research center headed by Jocelyne Bloch, a neurosurgeon at Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Professor at University of Lausanne UNIL, and Grégoire Courtine, an EPFL professor in neuroscience. Their system includes electronics implanted directly on the spinal cord to reactivate the neurons that regulate blood pressure, thereby preventing the patient from losing consciousness every time she's in an upright position.

The implant had already been used to treat low blood pressure in tetraplegic patients, but this was the first time it was applied to this kind of neurodegenerative disease, substantially improving the patient's quality of life.

The study, titled "Implanted System for Orthostatic Hypotension in Multiple System Atrophy," was published in The New England Journal of Medicine. The patient in the study suffers from multiple system atrophy-parkinsonian type (MSA-P), a neurodegenerative disease that afflicts several parts of the nervous system, including the sympathetic nervous system. After being bedridden for 18 months, the patient can now walk up to 250 meters.

MSA-P leads to the loss of sympathetic neurons that regulate blood pressure, which tends therefore to drop dramatically as soon as patients are in an upright position—a problem known as orthostatic hypotension—in some cases causing them to faint. This makes them more likely to fall, limits their ability to stand and walk around, and can eventually shorten life expectancy. Patients' quality of life is reduced considerably since they must remain in a reclined position to avoid passing out.

The scientists' implant consists of electrodes connected to an electrical-impulse generator that's commonly used to treat chronic pain. After implanting their device directly on the patient's spinal cord, the scientists found an improvement in the body's capacity to regulate blood pressure, enabling the patient to remain conscious for longer periods in an upright position and to begin physical therapy to walk again.

For Jocelyne Bloch, this advance paves the way to important clinical breakthroughs in treating degenerative diseases: "We've already seen how this type of therapy can be applied to patients with a spinal-cord injury. But now, we can explore applications in treating deficiencies resulting from neurodegeneration. This is the first time we've been able to improve blood-pressure regulation in people suffering from MSA."

Grégoire Courtine adds that "this technology was initially intended for pain relief, not for this kind of application. Going forward, we and our company Onward Medical plan to develop a system targeted specifically to orthostatic hypotension that can help people around the world struggling with this disorder."