Breast cancer drug shown to reduce recurrence risk

Even when the disease is caught early, breast cancer recurrence is relatively commonplace—and for survivors, the prospect can be daunting.

A drug developed by Swiss pharmaceutical maker Novartis has now been shown to reduce this risk by a quarter in a large group of early-stage survivors, offering patients new hope.

Results from a clinical trial were presented Friday at the American Society of Clinical Oncology's (ASCO) annual meeting.

The study of ribociclib, which belongs to a newer class of medicines known as molecularly targeted therapies, was described as a "very important and practice-changing clinical trial," by ASCO expert Rita Nanda, who was not involved in the research.

The majority of the two million new breast cancers diagnosed globally are in the early phases of disease, defined as stages I through III.

"The current standard of therapy for these patients is surgery followed by chemotherapy... or radiation, then followed by between five and 10 years of hormonal blockade by various endocrine therapies," lead author Dennis Slamon of the UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center told reporters.

But recurrence is as high as more than one in three people for stage I, and more than one in two in stage III, with the cancer sometimes returning decades later.

"After an early breast cancer diagnosis, patients live with a persistent and lifelong worry that their cancer will return," said Fran Visco, president of the National Breast Cancer Coalition who was on the committee for the current study.

The clinical trial involved more than 5,100 people with stage II and stage III forms of HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer, which is the most common subtype, making up nearly 70 percent of all breast cancer cases in the United States.

Half the patients received ribociclib—marketed under the brand name Kisqali—as well as hormonal therapy, while the other half received only hormonal therapy. They continued for a treatment period of three years.

But the trial was halted early because a significant difference in outcomes between the two groups became apparent, and it would not have been ethical to allow the hormone therapy-only group to miss out on the more effective treatment.

Overall, 7.4 percent of patients in the ribociclib group experienced a recurrence against 9.2 percent of patients in the hormone therapy-only group, which means an approximate risk reduction of 25 percent.

"Ribociclib also showed more favorable outcomes in overall survival, recurrence-free survival, and distant disease-free survival," a press statement said.

'Unmet need'

Ribociclib is already widely approved around the world and has previously shown benefit for people with metastatic breast cancer.

Importantly, the new study was able to demonstrate it also improves outcomes for people with earlier stages, including those with cancer that hasn't yet spread to the lymph nodes.

"Addressing this unmet need across such a broad patient population could help streamline treatment decisions for healthcare providers and keep many more at-risk patients cancer-free without disrupting their daily lives," said Slamon in a statement.

The rate of side effects was low. The most common were abnormally low counts of a type of white blood cell called neutrophils, as well as joint pain. Less common effects included gastrointestinal issues and fatigue.

Ribociclib works by disrupting proteins in breast cancer cells called CDK4 and CDK6, responsible for cell division.

Novartis said in a statement it planned to submit the data to regulatory authorities in the US and Europe before the end of the year.

© 2023 AFP