This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies. Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility:
fact-checked
peer-reviewed publication
proofread
Study: Deep learning-based whole-body PSMA PET/CT attenuation correction utilizing Pix-2-Pix GAN
![AI-generated PET results shown overlaid on CT. Credit: Oncotarget (2024). DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28583 Deep learning-based whole-body PSMA PET/CT attenuation correction utilizing Pix-2-Pix GAN](https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/800a/2024/deep-learning-based-wh.jpg)
A new research paper was published in Oncotarget, titled "Deep learning-based whole-body PSMA PET/CT attenuation correction utilizing Pix-2-Pix GAN."
Radiation dosage limits the sequential PET/CT studies oncology patients can undergo during their treatment follow-up course.
In this new study, researchers from the National Institutes of Health's National Cancer Institute proposed an artificial intelligence (AI) tool to produce attenuation-corrected PET (AC-PET) images from non-attenuation-corrected PET (NAC-PET) images to reduce need for low-dose CT scans.
"AI-generated PET images have clinical potential for reducing the need for CT scans for attenuation correction while preserving quantitative markers and image quality in prostate cancer patients," write the researchers.
A deep learning algorithm based on 2D Pix-2-Pix generative adversarial network (GAN) architecture was developed from paired AC-PET and NAC-PET images. 18F-DCFPyL PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) PET-CT studies from 302 prostate cancer patients split into training, validation, and testing cohorts (n = 183, 60, 59, respectively). Models were trained with two normalization strategies: Standard Uptake Value (SUV)-based and SUV-Nyul-based.
Scan-level performance was evaluated by normalized mean square error (NMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), structural similarity index (SSIM), and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). Lesion-level analysis was performed in regions-of-interest prospectively from nuclear medicine physicians. SUV metrics were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), repeatability coefficient (RC), and linear mixed-effects modeling.
Median NMSE, MAE, SSIM, and PSNR were 13.26%, 3.59%, 0.891, and 26.82, respectively, in the independent test cohort. ICC for SUVmax and SUVmean were 0.88 and 0.89, which indicated a high correlation between original and AI-generated quantitative imaging markers. Lesion location, density (Hounsfield units), and lesion uptake were all shown to impact relative error in generated SUV metrics (all p < 0.05).
"The Pix-2-Pix GAN model for generating AC-PET demonstrates SUV metrics that highly correlate with original images. AI-generated PET images show clinical potential for reducing the need for CT scans for attenuation correction while preserving quantitative markers and image quality," state the authors.
More information: Kevin C. Ma et al, Deep learning-based whole-body PSMA PET/CT attenuation correction utilizing Pix-2-Pix GAN, Oncotarget (2024). DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28583