How new FDA rules on breast density could affect mammogram results

In September 2024, new guidelines from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will require that all women receive information about their breast density following a mammogram.

This change aims to empower women with more knowledge about their breast health, but the new information could also cause confusion or worry for patients. Here are some facts about breast density, the new guidelines and what they mean for you.

What is breast density?

Breasts contain a mix of fatty, glandular and fibrous tissue. "Dense" breasts have a higher proportion of glandular and fibrous tissue compared to fatty tissue. It's important to note that breast density is only detectable on a mammogram and can't be felt during a self-exam or clinical exam.

How common are dense breasts?

Very common. About half of all women over 40 have dense breasts. It's more common in younger women and those with a lower body mass index, but it can affect women of all ages and body types.

Why does breast density matter?

Dense breast tissue can make it harder to spot cancer on a mammogram because both dense tissue and tumors appear white. Additionally, women with dense breasts have a higher risk of developing breast cancer. The greater the breast density, the higher the risk.

What's changing with the new FDA guidelines?

Beginning in September, all mammogram reports must inform women whether their breasts are considered "dense" or "not dense." The report will also explain that dense tissue can mask cancer on mammograms and may increase cancer risk.

Does this mean I need additional screening if I have dense breasts?

Not necessarily. It is recommended that women with dense breasts talk to their doctors about breast density and how it affects their personal risk of breast cancer. Other imaging tests such as MRI, contrast-enhanced mammography or screening breast ultrasound might help find cancers in some people with dense tissue, but these also may require the patient to undergo a work-up of other findings and at times additional biopsies that may turn out to be benign.

What should I do if I'm told I have dense breasts?

First, don't panic. Dense breasts are normal and common. Here are some steps to consider If you are told that you have dense breasts:

• Make it a point of discussion with your doctor at your next annual exam to help you figure out the right course of action for seeking supplemental screening—weighing your overall breast cancer risk level, personal preferences, the availability and cost of additional imaging.
• Ask about the potential benefits and drawbacks of the additional screening tests as well as their availability.
• Discuss your overall breast cancer risk with your health care provider starting at age 25. Factors like family history and previous biopsies are important.

Will insurance cover additional screening?

Coverage varies by state and insurance plan. Some states, including Kentucky, require coverage for supplemental screening. Discuss potential costs with your health care provider and insurance company.

Remember, these new guidelines are about empowering you with information. They're not meant to cause alarm, but to help you and your health care provider make informed decisions about your breast health. If you are of average risk, annual mammograms starting at age 40 are important for early detection of breast cancer.