Game theory suggests more efficient cancer therapy
Cancer cells not only ravage the body—they also compete with each other.
Apr 23, 2020
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Cancer cells not only ravage the body—they also compete with each other.
Apr 23, 2020
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A little empathy can go a long way toward ending infectious disease outbreaks.
Mar 16, 2017
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In an epidemic or a bioterrorist attack, the response of government officials could range from a drastic restriction of mobility—imposed isolation or total lockdown of a city—to moderate travel restrictions in some areas ...
Jul 30, 2013
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In March 2004, the Republic of Ireland became the first country in the world to ban smoking in indoor public places, including bars and restaurants.
Mar 25, 2024
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How researchers conceptualize a disease informs how they treat it. Cancer is often described as uncontrollable cell growth triggered by genetic damage. But cancer can also be seen from angles that emphasize mathematics, evolutionary ...
Nov 2, 2023
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The gut microbiome comprises a complex population of different bacterial species that are essential to human health. In recent years, scientists across several fields have found that changes in the gut microbiome can be linked ...
Mar 29, 2023
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A research team led by Prof. Li Hai and Wang Hongzhi from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has recently proposed an interpretable radiomic model for predicting radiotherapy ...
Jun 21, 2022
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Given how much COVID-19 is dominating Australians' lives, our governments should be telling us everything they know about infections, hospitalisations and deaths. So why aren't they?
Jan 21, 2022
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Cancer was the second leading cause of death in the U.S. in 2020. Although billions of dollars have been poured into cancer research, the results are still disappointing for many patients who pay hundreds of thousands of ...
Nov 17, 2021
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An historic kidney transplant exchange recently took place in the Middle East, but it might never have transpired without an algorithm developed at Stanford by Itai Ashlagi, a Stanford associate professor of management science ...
Aug 12, 2021
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Game theory is a branch of applied mathematics that is used in the social sciences (most notably economics), biology, engineering, political science, international relations, computer science, and philosophy. Game theory attempts to mathematically capture behavior in strategic situations, in which an individual's success in making choices depends on the choices of others. While initially developed to analyze competitions in which one individual does better at another's expense (zero sum games), it has been expanded to treat a wide class of interactions, which are classified according to several criteria. Today, "game theory is a sort of umbrella or 'unified field' theory for the rational side of social science, where 'social' is interpreted broadly, to include human as well as non-human players (computers, animals, plants)" (Aumann 1987).
Traditional applications of game theory attempt to find equilibria in these games. In an equilibrium, each player of the game has adopted a strategy that they are unlikely to change. Many equilibrium concepts have been developed (most famously the Nash equilibrium) in an attempt to capture this idea. These equilibrium concepts are motivated differently depending on the field of application, although they often overlap or coincide. This methodology is not without criticism, and debates continue over the appropriateness of particular equilibrium concepts, the appropriateness of equilibria altogether, and the usefulness of mathematical models more generally.
Although some developments occurred before it, the field of game theory came into being with the 1944 book Theory of Games and Economic Behavior by John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern. This theory was developed extensively in the 1950s by many scholars. Game theory was later explicitly applied to biology in the 1970s, although similar developments go back at least as far as the 1930s. Game theory has been widely recognized as an important tool in many fields. Eight game theorists have won Nobel prizes in economics, and John Maynard Smith was awarded the Crafoord Prize for his application of game theory to biology.
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