Smoking whilst pregnant linked to smaller babies in future pregnancies

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Southampton researchers have found that the link between smoking at the start of pregnancy and having a smaller baby may extend to future pregnancies.

The findings showed that women who smoked at the start of their first pregnancy were more likely to have a baby born smaller than expected in their second pregnancy compared to non-smokers. This was even the case where they reported quitting by the start of their second pregnancy.

The research from the University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton Foundation Trust has been published in the scientific journal PLOS One.

The biological relationship between during pregnancy and baby's birth weight from the same pregnancy is well established. However, until now there has been limited evidence on the impact of maternal smoking on following pregnancies.

In this study, the researchers found that for women who did not smoke at the start of either pregnancy, there was no extra risk of a small for gestational age (SGA) baby in the second pregnancy compared to non-smokers, even if they smoked between pregnancies.

A mother who smoked ten or more cigarettes a day at the start of both of her first two pregnancies had the highest odds of SGA birth.

Dr. Nisreen Alwan, Associate Professor in Public Health at the University of Southampton, who led the study, said: "It is important to encourage women to quit smoking before pregnancy and to not resume smoking after the baby is born. Resources that support to quit and maintain smoking cessation are needed."

Elizabeth Taylor, Postgraduate Research Assistant at the University and first author of the study, said: "Women who smoke between pregnancies can reduce the risk of having a SGA baby by stopping smoking before the start of their next . The period between pregnancies is when most mothers have close contact with health and care professionals and may require support to stop smoking."

The research team studied data between 2003 and 2018 for nearly 17,000 mothers who received antenatal care for their first two pregnancies. The study covered women who lived in Southampton and surrounding parts of Hampshire.

The research was supported by from the Academy of Medical Sciences, Wellcome Trust and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre.

It is hoped that these findings and future research will encourage healthcare professionals and commissioners to provide better support to before and between pregnancies, helping them to quit smoking, leading to better health for both mothers and children.

More information: Elizabeth J. Taylor et al, Maternal smoking behaviour across the first two pregnancies and small for gestational age birth: Analysis of the SLOPE (Studying Lifecourse Obesity PrEdictors) population-based cohort in the South of England, PLOS ONE (2021). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260134

Journal information: PLoS ONE
Citation: Smoking whilst pregnant linked to smaller babies in future pregnancies (2021, November 26) retrieved 19 March 2024 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-11-pregnant-linked-smaller-babies-future.html
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