Study: Preventing type 2 diabetes in young people is possible without medication

Ten minutes of physical activity a day or less screen time is all it takes to delay the onset of type 2 diabetes and slow its development in youth, according to a study led by Université de Montréal clinical associate professor Dr. Mélanie Henderson, a pediatrician, endocrinologist and epidemiologist at UdeM's affiliated children's hospital, CHU Sainte-Justine.

Obesity rates are on the rise among Canadians under the age of 19 and are reaching alarming levels. With the number of children with type 2 diabetes expected to quadruple in Canada over the next few decades, Dr. Henderson's research offers a glimmer of hope by quantifying how physical activity and sedentary behaviors affect key diabetes indicators.

"With just 10 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day, we see a decrease in the risks associated with the development of type 2 diabetes in at-risk children," said Soren Harnois-Leblanc, an UdeM Ph.D. in epidemiology and first author of the study, which was published in November in Lancet Child Adolescent Health.

"Reducing sedentary time by an hour a day offers similar benefits," said Dr. Henderson. "Screen time, whether it's television, video games or social media, is particularly harmful, but it's also easier to avoid than transportation-related sedentary time, for example. Not all sedentary habits have the same impact on cardiometabolic health."

Changing one's lifestyle habits can be tricky, however. The body has built-in mechanisms to maintain its highest weight, making it very difficult to lose weight. That's why it's so important to act early with children and adolescents having a family history of obesity, the researchers say.

"There's an urgent need to develop and implement obesity prevention policies that are aimed at promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviors to prevent diabetes in vulnerable populations," Dr. Henderson said. "We need to target health across the board," added Harnois-Leblanc.

A total of 630 Quebec children with a family history of obesity were monitored over a seven-year period in three cycles: ages 8–10, 10–12 and 15–17. Several tests were used to measure key diabetes indicators including insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and blood glucose levels. Physical activity and total sedentary time were measured by accelerometry, and leisure screen time was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire.