US teens are smoking and vaping less than their peers abroad

Smoking and vaping continued to decline among middle school and high school students in 2025, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's 2025 National Youth Tobacco Survey, released in July 2026. This annual, school-based ...

How childhood trauma may increase vulnerability to apathy

Experiencing trauma in childhood can lead to a lack of motivation and less pleasure from rewards—or anhedonia—later in life. In humans, childhood trauma is linked to changes in the activity of reward-related brain pathways ...

Flexible brain circuits can switch between different tasks

As we move through everyday life, our brains engage in a huge variety of cognitive tasks. For example, during a grocery run, we might have to recall the items for a recipe, remember where the clerk said the flour was located ...

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